干细胞、运动疗法与糖尿病防治的相关性

干细胞是一类具有自我复制能力的多潜能细胞，在一定条件下可以定向分化成为机体内的功能细胞，形成多种类型组织和器官以代替损伤和坏死的相关组织，从而达到治疗疾病的目的。胰岛干细胞和骨髓干细胞对糖尿病的防治具有重要的作用，胰岛干细胞可以通过移植、诱导等识别其特异分子标志，从中筛选胰岛素分泌细胞调整胰岛素的分泌量，但对其研究的机制仍存在较多不足；而骨髓干细胞可以通过直接的转分化和间接分化、移植诱导微嵌合状态，形成免疫耐受、细胞融合以及参与细胞的修复和再生等方式治疗糖尿病患者。运动疗法对于2型糖尿病患者来说，具有药物所不可替代的重要治疗作用，运动疗法能够通过降低血糖、改善肥胖和胰岛素抵抗，调节自身免疫能力，推迟或避免糖尿病并发症的发生，但目前有关运动疗法对影响糖尿病患者干细胞尤其是影响移植效果方面的实验研究仍是一项空白。

Stem cells and exercise therapy for diabetes prevention and treatment

Stem cells, a kind of self-replication pluripotent cells, can differentiate into functional body cells in vivo under certain conditions, and form multiple types of tissues and organs to replace the damaged and necrotic tissues, so as to achieve the purpose of treating diseases. Islet stem cells and bone marrow stem cells play an important role in diabetes prevention and treatment. Pancreatic stem cells can identify their specific molecular markers through transplantation and induction to screen insulin-secreting cells for adjusting the amount of insulin secretion; however, there are still no enough studies about its mechanism. Bone marrow stem cells can be transferred through direct and indirect differentiation, and induce a state of microchimerism through transplantation to form immune tolerance, cell fusion, as well as to participate in the repair and regeneration of cells, for the treatment of diabetic patients. Exercise therapy has an irreplaceable role in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, which can reduce blood sugar, improve insulin resistance, obesity and regulate their own immunity to defer or avoid the occurrence of diabetic complications. However, the impact of the exercise therapy for diabetic patients, especially the impact of stem cell transplantation, is still a blank.