1959～2002年广西城乡居民膳食结构的变迁

目的 探讨1959～2002年广西城乡居民膳食结构的变迁及其意义.方法 分析1959、1982、1992、2002广西4次营养调查资料,评价膳食结构、营养不良和营养过剩相关慢病的变化趋势.结果 1959～2002年广西居民摄入动物类食品逐年增加,植物类食品缓慢减少.畜、禽、肉、油脂、水果增加较快,奶、蛋、水产豆类不足,谷薯类缓慢下降.城市居民鱼虾、蛋、奶、蔬菜、水果年增长率比农村居民高.农村居民畜禽肉年增长率比城市居民高,谷类年下降率比城市居民大,1993～2002年蔬菜递减较快.来自脂肪的能量已占总能量的31.3%.营养不良呈逐年下降趋势,营养过剩慢病则呈逐年上升趋势,农村居民营养不良率高于城市居民,城市居民营养过剩慢病患病率则高于农村居民.结论 广西城乡居民已进入了膳食营养结构急剧变迁的关键时期,城乡发展不平衡,有明显的由低脂膳食向高脂膳食转变的趋势.

Transition of dietary pattern in residents of urban and rural in Guangxi in 1959～2002

Objective To explore the transition of dietary pattern in residents of urban and rural in Guangxi in 1959-2002.Methods The data collected from 4 stages Guangxi nutrition survey(1959,1982,1992 and 2002) were analyzed to assess the trends of dietary pattern,nutrition deficiency,overnutrition-related chronic noncommunicable disease.Results The intake of animal food increased year by year and plant food descended slowly during 1959-2002 in Guangxi.Meat and poultry,fat and oil,fruits increased quickly,milk and dairy products,eggs,fish and shrimp,legumes and legumes products were lack,cereals descended slowly.The annual increase rate of fish and shrimp,eggs,milk and dairy products,vegetables,fruits in urban was higher than that in rural and the annual increase rate of meat and poultry in rural was higher than that in urban,the annual descend rate of cereals in rural was higher than that in urban,vegetables descend in rural was obvious during 1993-2002.The proportion of energy from fat reached 31.3%.Nutrition deficiency descend and overnutrition-related chronic non-communicable disease increased year by year.The rate of nutrition deficiency in rural was higher than that in urban and the rate of overnutrition-related chronic non-communicable disease in urban was higher than that in rural.Conclusion The dietary pattern of residents in Guangxi has already entered the quick transition stage.The development in urban and rural is imbalance and has been a very important critical period.Guangxi residents has a trend from low fat diet into high fat diet.