北京市老年人膳食结构及代谢状况八年变迁研究

目的探讨北京市老年人膳食结构及代谢状况在1992年和2000年的变化情况。方法选取北京老龄化纵向研究中在1992年和2000年均完成血生化检查的698人,提取其生化检查、膳食调查等相关信息,采用潜在类别分析技术提取其在1992年时的膳食结构,根据膳食频率对膳食结构的类别进行命名。保持膳食结构分类不变对老年人在2000年的膳食特点进行描述,对代谢指标变化进行差异性检验。结果可将北京市老年人按照膳食结构分为三型:营养充足型(314人,45.0%),中间型(259人,37.1%)和主食肉类为主型(125人,17.9%)。以上研究对象除舒张压、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白外,各组生化指标在2000年的水平均高于其在1992年的相应指标。结论不同膳食结构的老年人八年后膳食习惯和代谢指标的变化量不同,但确认关联性需要进一步进行加入时间依从协变量的多因素分析以排除混杂因素。

Eight-year change in dietary pattern and metabolic status among the elderly people in Beijing

Objective To understand dietary pattern and to explore the development of dietary pattern and the related metabolic indices for elderly people in Beijing. Methods The baseline information in 1992 and information in the follow-up study in 2000 for Beijing Longitudinal Study of Aging, which was collected by Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University was used. There were 698 elderly subjects in this analysis who fulfilled the blood test and with full information on dietary habits both in the year of 1992 and 2000. Factor analysis and cluster analysis were used to reveal dietary pattern. Latent class analysis(LCA) was a technology that discriminate people to different latent class with different answering pattern for items(manifest variables or observed variables). LCA was first used in psychiatry, education or psychology. Recent, the use of LCA in dietary pattern analysis was reported. In this research, a self-made questionnaire for dietary habits was used to collect the information in recent 3 month. It covered the frequency for eating breakfast, the amount of different types of foods. The entire variable used were turned to be binary to get a clearer result. LCA was used to extract diet pattern: ANOVA, paired t test and chi-square test were used to analyze the difference of metabolic indicator among different patterns. Results Three types of diet were found: group 1(n=314, 45.0%) had sufficient nutrients; group 2(n=259, 37.1%) and group 3(n=125, 17.9%). As compared to 1992, had excessive intake of meat. In 2000, there was a rise in animal oil consumption, fresh fruit intake, fish or shrimp intake in group 2 and group 3. There was a decrease in egg intake in group 1 and group 3. Generally, the intake of milk fruit bean product was on an increase. There was statistically significant increase in BMI, SBP, FPG, TC and TG in 2000 compared with the value in 1992. Conclusion LCA might be a solution for dietary pattern extraction. There were mainly three type of dietary pattern that developed with age and impacted the related metabolic indices. Multivariable analysis was especially needed to exclude the impact of potential confounding factors.