异基因活化的NK细胞与HLA全相合同胞造血干细胞移植预后的关系

最新的研究表明，在HLA全相合同胞造血干细胞移植中，当受者的细胞表面缺乏供者NK细胞抑制型受体的配体时，供者来源的NK细胞同样会发生异基因活化，通过特异性杀伤受体抗原呈递细胞达到阻止GVHD启动的目的，主动攻击受者淋巴细胞促进供者细胞植入，识别和攻击受者白血病细胞以降低移植后白血病复发率，从而改善HLA全相合同胞造血干细胞移植患者预后，同时活化型受体亦会对患者的预后产生影响。本文就抑制性和活化性杀伤细胞免疫球蛋白样受体（KIR）对HLA全相合同胞造血干细胞移植预后影响的研究进展作一综述：

Relationship of Alloreactive NK Cells to Prognosis of HLA-identical Sibling Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

In recent years, the interaction between HLA class I alleles and receptors of NK cells have been paid more attention in HLA-identical sibling hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （HLA-identical sibling HSCT）. NK cells mediate alloreactions when the allogeneic targets do not express HLA class I alleles that block inhibitory receptors of NK cells. Alloreactive donor-derived NK cells reduce GVHD by eliminating host-type antigen-presenting cells, but favor engraftment by killing host lymphocyte ceils and reduce the risk of relapse by eradicating leukemia cells. Moreover, activating receptors also influence the outcome of HLA-identical sibling HSCT. In this review, the advance of the impact of both inhibitory and activating KIR（ killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor, KIR）on the outcome of HLA-identical sibling HSCT is briefly summarized.