Ⅰ期全髋关节置换治疗髋臼骨折

目的 探讨髋臼骨折后Ⅰ期全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)的手术适应证和手术方法,观察其临床疗效.方法 对11例髋臼骨折患者行Ⅰ期THA.其中前柱骨折3例,后壁骨折1例,后柱骨折2例,后柱合并后壁骨折2例,横形骨折1例,横形合并后壁骨折1例,两柱骨折1例.伤后8～37 d(平均24 d)接受THA.对新鲜髋臼骨折患者,先用重建钢板或螺钉固定骨折以恢复髋臼肇的形态,将切下的股骨头制成颗粒状或块状植于髋臼内后安置臼杯.陈旧性髋臼骨折有节段性髋臼骨缺损者,将切下的股骨头制成大块状进行髋臼内结构性植骨后再安置臼杯.结果 术后3个月完全负重,无人工关节脱位.随访时间6～45个月,平均28个月.Harris评分平均78分.髋关节屈伸平均活动度为95°.X线片示1例出现髋臼松动及骨溶解征象.结论 髋臼骨折移位明显,关节软骨面损伤严重,错过了手术复位时机,可以Ⅰ期行THA.如能创造稳定的髋臼杯结构,近期临床效果满意.

One stage total hip arthroplasty for acetabular fractures

Objective To explore operative indications,methods and effect of one stage total hip arthroplasty(THA)in treatment of acetabular fractures.Methods One stage total hip arthroplasty (THA)was carried out in 11 patients with acetabular fractures including 10 males and one female(at mean age of 42.4 years)8-37 days(mean24 days)after injury.There were anterior column fractures in three patients,posterior wall fracture in one,posterior column fracture in two,posterior column fracture combined with posterior wall fracture in two,transverse fracture in one,transverse fracture combined with posterior wall fracture in one and two-column fracture in one.Fresh acetabular fractures were first fixed with reconstruction plate or screws to restore shape of acestbular wall;then,granule or bulk of resected femoral head were implanted into acetabulum posterior to placement of acetabular cup prosthesis.While for old acetabular fractures,the resected femoral head was first implanted on acetabular superior wall and posterior wall and then acetabular cup prosthesis was placed.Results Follow-up for 6-45 months (mean 28 months)showed obdous improvement of hip joint function,with average Harris score of 78 points and average active degree of 95°.X-ray film presented loosening of acetabulum and osteolysis in one patient.All patients began weight bearing three months after operation,with no dislocation of joint prosthesis.Conclusions Under strict control of indications,one stage THA can be done for patients who miss operative reduction due to obvious acetabular fracture dislocation and severe articular cartilage injury.Stable aeetabular cup may beget satisfactory short-term clinical results.