外科治疗非创伤急性下肢缺血154例

目的 探讨非创伤急性下肢缺血的外科治疗方法及影响预后的因素,对比急性动脉栓塞和急性动脉血栓形成的发病率和预后.方法 回顾性分析1999年7月至2007年12月手术治疗的154例急性下肢缺血病例,所有病例均行股动脉或胭动脉切开、Fogarty导管取栓术.单纯取栓128例,Fogarty导管取栓+内膜剥脱术8例,Fogarty导管取栓+人工血管或自体大隐静脉转流术13例,Fogarty导管取栓+一期截肢术5例.按照病因将病例分为急性动脉栓塞组(99例)和急性动脉血栓形成组(55例),对比两组发病率、截肢率、病死率及截肢高危因素.结果 急性动脉栓塞组男性发病率(39.4%)低于女性(60.6%)(P<0.05);急性动脉血栓形成组男性发病率(72.7%)高于女性(27.3%)(P<0.05).所有患者的截肢率为9.7%,院内病死率为11.7%.急性动脉栓塞组截肢率(5.1%)低于急性动脉血栓形成组(18.2%)(P<0.05),急性动脉栓塞组院内病死率(11.1%)与急性动脉血栓形成组(12.7%)相当(P>0.05).两组病例截肢的共同高危因素是肢体缺血时间,急性动脉血栓形成组截肢风险还与吸烟和糖尿病有关.结论 急性动脉栓塞男性发病率高于女性,急性动脉血栓形成女性发病率高于男性,急性动脉栓塞截肢率低于急性动脉血栓形成,而急性动脉血栓形成比急性动脉栓塞具有更高截肢风险.

Surgical treatment of 154 patients with non-traumatic acute lower limb ischemia

Objective To analyze the surgical treatment and prognosis of non-traumatic acute lower limb ischemia, and compare the morbility and prognosis of acute arterial embolism and acute arterial thrombosis. Methods The clinical data of 154 acute lower limb ischemia patients surgically treated from July 1999 to December 2007 were restrospectively analized. Fogarty catheter embolectomy was used in all patients; in which, 128 cases underwent Fogarty catheter embolectomy only, 8 cases Fogarty catheter embelectomy combined with endarterectomy, 13 cases Fogarty catheter embolectomy combined with vascular reconstruction with prosthetic graft or great saphenous vein, 5 cases Fogarty catheter embolectomy combined with amputation. The patients were divided into two groups according to pathogenesis: acute arterial embolism group (99 cases) and acute arterial thrombosis group (55 cases). The morbility, amputation, perioperative mortality rates and high risk factors of amputation in the two groups were compared. Results Female experienced acute arterial embolism more often than man (60.6% vs 39.4%, P<0.05), and more acute arterial thrombosis occurred in man (72.7% vs 27.3%, P<0.05). The amputation rate of all cases was 9.7%, and perioperative mortality rate was 11.7%. The amputation rate in acute arterial embolism group was lower than acute arterial thrombosis group (5.1% vs 18.2%, P<0.05). The perioperative mortality rates in the two groups were equal (11.1% vs 12.7%, P>0.05). The statistically high risk factor of amputation for two groups was ischemic time, and smoking and diabetes were high risk factors for acute arterial thrombosis. Coneluslons Men experiences acute arterial thrombosis more often, and women experiences acute arterial embolism more often. The amputation rate of acute arterial embolism is lower than acute arterial thrombosis, and acute arterial thrombosis has more high risk factors of amputation.