淫羊藿及其拆分组配伍麻黄对急性肾小球肾炎水肿模型大鼠影响

目的通过研究淫羊藿及其拆分组配伍麻黄对冰水浴联合注射牛血清白蛋白所致急性肾小球肾炎水肿模型大鼠的影响,探究淫羊藿配伍麻黄的利水作用及淫羊藿发挥利水作用的物质基础。方法先将SD雄性大鼠置于代谢笼内适应性喂养3 d。随机取10只大鼠作为空白对照组,其余大鼠于实验第1~3天冰水浴至大鼠四肢僵硬先造成大鼠风寒感冒模型;再于实验第4天和第11天早上9∶00按150 mg·kg^-1给大鼠腹腔注射牛血清白蛋白(BSA),空白对照组则注射等量的生理盐水。取造模成功大鼠60只,随机分成6组,每组10只,分别为:模型组,麻黄+生淫羊藿组,麻黄+多糖组,麻黄+非黄酮组,麻黄+大极性黄酮组,麻黄+小极性黄酮组。各组大鼠从实验第15天开始按照10 mL·kg^-1灌胃给予相应试剂,空白组给予等体积蒸馏水,连续灌胃20 d。收集实验大鼠第34天24 h尿液,大鼠处死后,测定尿蛋白、血清肌酐、血清尿素氮、白细胞、中性粒细胞百分比、血小板指标含量。取肾脏组织用于做病理切片并于HE染色。结果麻黄+生淫羊藿组尿蛋白含量由显著性下降(P<0.05),血清肌酐、血清尿素氮、中性粒细胞百分比有极显著性下降(P<0.01);部分肾小球周围有少量的炎性细胞,炎性细胞浸润有所减轻。麻黄+非黄酮组血清肌酐、白细胞数量、中性粒细胞百分比有显著性下降(P<0.05),尿蛋白、血清尿素氮水平有极显著性下降(P<0.01);肾小球肿胀有所减轻,有囊腔变小。麻黄+大极性黄酮组中性粒细胞百分比有极显著性下降(P<0.01);肾小球依旧有肿胀,炎性细胞浸润减少。麻黄+小极性黄酮组血清尿素氮、中性粒细胞百分比有及显著性下降(P<0.01);肾小球肿胀有减轻,肾小球附近的炎性细胞浸润有减少。麻黄+多糖组肾小球依旧充血肿胀,依旧有炎性细胞浸润,有肾小管扩张。结论淫羊藿及其拆分组配伍麻黄对急性肾小球肾炎水肿模型大鼠有较好的治疗作用,且疗效为:麻黄+非黄酮组>麻黄+生淫羊藿组>麻黄+小极性黄酮组>麻黄+非极性黄酮组>麻黄+多糖组,淫羊藿主要利水作用物质基础为非黄酮成分。

Effect of Epimedium and Its Combination with Ephedra on Acute Glomerulonephritis Edema Model Rats

Objective To study the effects of Epimedium and its combination with ephedra on rats with acute glomerulonephritis and edema induced by ice water bath combined with bovine serum albuminand explore material basis of the water-reducing effect of epimedium as well as the combination of ephedra and epimedium.Methods SD male rats were placed in metabolic cages for 3 days.Ten rats were randomly selected as the blank control group.The rest of the rats were exposed to the ice water bath on the first 1-3 days of the experiment until limbs were stiff toset up the cold model.On the 4 th and 11 th day of the experiment,rats were intraperitoneally injected with bovine serum albumin(BSA)with a dose of 150 mg·kg^-1at 9:00 am,and the same amount of normal saline was injected into the blank control group.Sixty rats with successful model were randomly divided into 6 groups,10 in each group:model group,ephedra+epimedium group,ephedra+polysaccharide group,ephedra+non-flavonoid group,ephedra+macroporous flavonoids group,ephedra+small polar flavonoids group.Rats in each group were given the corresponding reagents by intragastric administration with a dose of 10 mL·kg^-1 from the 15 th day of the experiment,and the blank group was given an equal volume of distilled water for 20 days.The 24 h urine was collected from on the 34 th day.After the rats were sacrificed,the urine protein,serum creatinine,serum urea nitrogen,white blood cells,percentage of neutrophils and platelet index were measured.The kidney tissue was taken out for pathological section and stained with HE.Results The content of urinary protein in the ephedra+epimedium group decreased significantly(P<0.05),and the serum creatinine,serum urea nitrogen and neutrophil percentage decreased significantly(P<0.01).There was a small amount of inflammatory cells,and inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced.The serum creatinine,white blood cell count and neutrophil percentage of ephedra+non-flavonoid group were significantly decreased(P<0.05).The urine protein and serum urea nitrogen level were significantly decreased(P<0.01).The glomerular swelling was reduced and there was a small cavity.The percentage of neutrophils in the ephedra+macroporous flavonoid group was significantly decreased(P<0.01).The glomerulus was still swollen and the inflammatory cell infiltration was reduced.The serum urea nitrogen and neutrophil percentages in the ephedra+small polar flavonoid group were significantly decreased(P<0.01).The glomerular swelling was alleviated,and the inflammatory cell infiltration near the glomerulus was reduced.The glomerulus of the ephedra+polysaccharide group was still hyperemic and swollen,and there was still inflammatory cell infiltration and tubular dilatation.Conclusion Epimedium and its combination with ephedra have a good therapeutic effect on acute glomerulonephritis edema model rats,and the curative effect order is:ephedra+non-flavonoid group>ephedra+epimedium group>ephedra+small polar flavonoid group>ephedra+non-polar flavonoid group>ephedra+polysaccharide group.The main water-soluble substance of epimedium is based on non-flavonoids.