中国2007-2008年风疹流行病学和病毒基因特征分析

目的了解中国（未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区，下同）2007-2008年风疹流行病学和病毒基因特征，为风疹减毒活疫苗（Rubella ARenuated Live Vaccine，RubV）免疫策略的制定提供依据。方法对疾病监测信息管理系统报告的风疹发病资料，中国疾病预防控制中心病毒病预防控制所国家麻疹实验室风疹病毒监测数据库资料，进行描述流行病学和分子流行病学分析。结果2007-2008年，中国风疹报告发病率分别为5．70／10万、9．11／10万，各省（自治区、直辖市）均有病例报告，〈15岁儿童发病数分别占总病例数的80．94％、81．85％，其中6～10岁发病数分别占总病例数的43．24％、44．13％。2007-2008年全国风疹病毒绝对优势基因型为1E，风疹病毒株间的核苷酸同源性为98．1％～100％。结论应加强风疹血清学诊断、病毒学和血清流行病学监测，并结合风疹病例的年龄分布特征，制定RubV免疫策略，预防和控制风疹和先天性生风疹综合征。

Analysis of Epidemiological and Genetic Characteristics of Rubella Viruses in China from 2007 to 2008

Objective To understand the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of rubella viruses in China （excluded Hongkong, Macao and Taiwan areas, the same below） from 2007 to 2008, and to provide the basis for the development of rubella immunization strategy. Methods Both rubella epidenuology data from rubella disease surveillance information management system and rubella virology data from National measles Laboratory surveillance data base were analyzed. Results The reported rubella incidence rate was 5.70/100 000 in 2007 and 9.11 /100 000 in 2008 and the reported cases distributed in the whole country. The predominant proportions of rubella cases were 〈15 years old children which accounted for 80.94% and 81.85 % of total cases in 2007 and 2008 respectively. And the highest number of cases belong to 6-10 age groups, which accounted for 43.24 % and 44.13 % of total cases in 2007 and 2008 respectively. 1E genotype was the predominant genotype of rubella viruses in China during 2007-2008, and the nucleotide homology of the rubella isolates was 98.1%-100%. Conclusion The rubella Serology diagnosis, virological and serological surveillance should be strengthened. Practicable vaccine immunization strategy for different age groups should be established to achieve the goal of prevention and control of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome.