唐山市某大型钢铁企业高温和噪声对职业人群血压的影响

目的探讨高温和噪声对钢铁行业职业人群血压的影响,为降低高温噪声对职业人群高血压发生的风险及保护工人职业健康提供科学依据。方法采用横断面研究方法,将764名从事高温噪声工作的男性工人作为联合暴露组,344名单独接触高温的作为高温组,将350名单独接触噪声的作为噪声组,对照组为非接触高温噪声男性410名,对各组进行问卷调查和血压测量,并收集生产环境高温和噪声监测数据。结果高温噪声联合暴露组高血压患病率高于其他3组,而联合暴露组、高温组和噪声组的正常高值率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（χ2=36.702,P〈0.01）。随工龄增加,高血压患病率也随之增加,高血压患病率与正常高值率在1-14与15-29 a工龄段联合暴露组、高温组和噪声组均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义。结论长时间暴露于高温、噪声作业是造成钢铁行业高血压的危险因素。

Effect of heat and noise on blood pressure of workers in a large steel enterprise of Tangshan City

[ Objective ] To explore the effect of heat and noise on blood pressure of occupational groups in steel industry, and provide scientific basis for reducing the effect of noise and heat on blood pressure and protection of workers occupational health. [ Methods] A cross-sectional study was conducted. Totally 764 male workers exposed both to heat and noise were taken as the combined exposure group, 344 only exposed to heat as heat group. 350 exposed to noise as noise group,410 male workers without heat and noise exposure as the control group. Questionnaire survey and blood pressure measurement were conducted among them. The monitoring data of heat and noise in production environment were collected. [ Results ] The prevalence of hypertension of combined exposure group was higher than the other 3 groups. The high-normal rate of combined exposure group, heat group and noise group was higher than the control group, with significant difference （ χ^2 = 36. 702,P 〈 0.01 }. With the increase in length of service, the prevalence of hypertension also increased, the constituent ratio of hypertension and high blood pressure in the exposed groups of 1-14 and 15-29 years were both obviously higher than those in control group, the differences were significant. [ Conclusion] Prolonged exposure both to heat and noise are the risk factors for hypertension in the steel industry.