深圳市宝安区职业病健康教育现状及对策

目的通过对深圳市宝安区职业病健康教育现况的系统调查,探讨职业病健康教育现状和工作存在的问题,提出宝安区开展职业病健康教育工作的思路和对策。方法采用问卷及访谈形式对6家职业卫生技术服务机构及100家企业进行调查,用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行分析。结果宝安区6家职业卫生技术服务机构共有健康教育人员9人,学历以大专及本科为主,占66.66%;职称以无职称为主,占总人数的66.67%。调查的100家企业有20家配备有健康教育专兼职人员;10家企业具有健康教育经费,2013年度健康经费开支均少于1 000元,企业开展职业卫生健康教育活动形式主要以上岗前培训、部门例会中加入职业卫生的培训和宣传栏等形式为主。职业卫生技术服务机构和企业对专家讲师团、讲座、发放宣传资料健康教育方式需求最高,对疾病预防机构及工厂作为健康教育指导机构需求最高;对企业认为开展职业卫生健康教育8个难点类型进行比较,差异有统计学意义（χ2=73.600,P〈0.01）,领导不重视是开展职业卫生健康教育的最大难点。结论宝安区职业卫生技术服务机构及企业职业病健康教育人员和经费投入较少,应以政府层面对宝安区职业卫生人力、设备和信息等资源进行整合,优化结构,提高职业病健康教育资源的使用效率,同时职业卫生监管部门应加大执法力度,促使企业负责人重视职业病健康教育及经费投入。

Current situation of health education about occupational diseases prevention in Baoan District of Shenzhen and its countermeasures

Objective]By investigating the current situation of health education about occupational diseases prevention in Baoan District of Shenzhen,explore the current situation of occupational health education and existing problems,and provide the ideas and countermeasures of health education about occupational diseases prevention in Baoan District. Methods]The questionnaire survey and interview were applied to investigate 6 occupational health technical service institutions and 100 enterprises,and the data were analyzed by SPSS 17. 0 software. Results]There were 9 workers engaged in health education in 6 occupational health technical service institutions,66. 66% of them had the educational level of bachelor or associate degree,and 66. 67% did not have professional title. 20 of 100 enterprises had full-time or part-time workers for health education,10 enterprises had health education funds,expenditures for health education in all enterprises were below 1000 yuan in 2013,and the main ways to implement the occupational health education included pre-post training,occupational health training during the regular meeting,and publicity column. The occupational health technical service institutions and enterprises showed the most urgent needs to the health education forms of specialist group,lectures and publicity materials,and they wanted to establish the health education guiding organization in diseases prevention and control institutions,and enterprises. There was significant difference in 8 difficult points of occupational health education in enterprises（ χ^2= 73. 600,P〈 0.01）. Lack of attention from leaders was the greatest difficulty of occupational health education. Conclusion]The workers engaged in occupational health education and fund inputs are insufficient in occupational health technical service institutions and enterprises in Baoan District. Local government should integrate the human,equipments and information resources of occupational health,optimize structure,and enhance the application efficiency of o