2012年开封市人间狂犬病监测分析

目的了解2012年开封市狂犬病疫情流行特征及狂犬病暴露人群的分布特征,评价预防处置效果,为采取针对性的防控措施提供依据。方法收集＂疾病监测信息报告管理系统＂所报告的2012年开封市狂犬病的数据和各狂犬病门诊登记的所有狂犬病暴露人员情况,并进行汇总分析。结果开封市2012年狂犬病的发病率为0.21/10万,病例以农村居多,主要为60岁以下的的散居儿童和农民,狂犬病年平均暴露率为57.10/万。暴露人群中男性多于女性,16~45岁年龄组暴露数最多,7—9月份狂犬病暴露人员较多。伤口部位主要在四肢,下肢暴露最多,98.73%的暴露人员受伤后曾进行过伤口处理,致伤动物以犬为主。结论开封市狂犬病暴露强度处于较高的水平,成为一个较严重的公共卫生问题,狂犬病的防控重点是农村地区的散居儿童和农民。预防暴露以及暴露后的规范处置对防制狂犬病具有重要意义,狂犬病的防制需要综合的防制策略,政府牵头多部门联防联控,普及狂犬病防治知识,增强广大群众的自我防护意识,做好犬、猫等致伤动物的管理和免疫。

Analysis on surveillance of human rabies in Kaifeng City in 2012

[Objective]To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human rabies and the distribution characteristics of population exposed to rabies in Kaifeng City in 2012,evaluate the prevention and treatment effect,and provide the scientific evidence for carrying out the targeted prevention and control measures.[Methods]The data of rabies cases reported from the National disease information monitoring management system and information of rabies exposure patients registered in rabies clinics in Kaifeng City in2012 were collected and analyzed.[Results]The incidence rate of rabies in Kaifeng City in 2012 was 0. 21 /lakh. Most of cases occurred in rural area,the patients concentrated in scattered children and farmers under 60 years old,and the average annual exposure rate of rabies was 57. 10 /10 000. The number of exposure cases in males was higher than that in females. Most of cases were people aged 16-45 years old. The peak season of rabies exposure occurred July to September. The injuries were mainly distributed in four limbs,especially the lower limbs. 98. 73% of exposure cases received the wound treatment,and majority of attacking animals were dog.[Conclusion]The exposure level of rabies in Kaifeng City is higher relatively,and it has become a serious public health problem. The prevention and control of rabies should focus on the scattered children and farmers in rural areas. The prevention of exposure and the standardized disposal after exposure play an important role in prevention and control of rabies. The comprehensive control strategies are the key of prevention and control of rabies. It is necessary to carry out the government-led multi-sector prevention and control,popularize the knowledge about rabies prevention,enhance the self-protection awareness of public,and implement the management and immune in the attacking animals（ dogs and cats）.