乙型和丙型病毒性肝炎及相关肝细胞癌的流行现况

乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）和丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）感染是全球主要的健康问题。全球约有3.5亿人（5%）为HBV慢性感染者,其中75%为亚洲人,而HCV的慢性感染者为1.5亿人（2%）。乙型和丙型肝炎是肝硬化和肝细胞癌（HCC）的主要危险因素,肝硬化中的57%和原发性肝癌中的78%为HBV或HCV感染引起。作者将中国、亚洲和美国的HBV、HCV和HCC的流行病学资料进行综述比较,并分析当前危险因素等。在中国和全球其他国家,HBV和HCV仍是HCC的主要危险因素,HBV疫苗的使用显著降低了HBV感染率,进而降低了HCC的患病率,而将来HCV可能取代HBV成为主要危险因素;乙醇作为肝硬化和肝癌的危险因素影响较小。

Study on epidemic situation of viral hepatitis B and C,and related hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatitis B virus （ HBV ） and hepatitis C virus （HCV） infections constitute a major global health problem. Approximately 350 million people （5%） of the world population is chronically infected with HBV, 75% of infected people are Asian, and the global prevalence of HCV is estimated to he 150 million people （2%）. Chronic hepatitis B and C infections are leading causes of cirrhosis and hepatoeellular carcinoma （HCC） , which is found in 78% of patients with HCC and 57% in cirrhosis. This study reviews the epidemiological data of HBV, HCV, HCC and their risk factors among China, America and Asia. HBV and HCV are still a major risk factor for HCC in China and other countries around the wodd. The increased coverage rate of HBV vaccine significantly decreases the HBV infection rate, and then decreases the prevalence rate of HCC. In future, HCV will become the major risk factor instead of HBV, and the alcohol has little effect on cirrhosis and HCC.