全列空调客车内环境的卫生学调查与评价

目的　了解铁路全列空调旅客列车内环境的卫生状况。方法　于 1997年 7月～ 1999年 10月对上海、成都、昆明、哈尔滨、乌鲁木齐、广州等 6个铁路局所属的 10条线路上运行的新型全列空调客车不同车厢的内环境 (不同路况、不同季节 )进行了调查。另在相同试验条件下以普通客车为对照。结果　冬、夏两季全列空调客车车厢内温度、风速均符合GB 96 73 1996 ,夏季湿度超过国家卫生标准。在不同路况下 ,空调客车内四类车厢除餐车平均噪声 [丘陵地区为 (71.2± 4.10 )dB(A)、山区为 (75 .1± 3.2 0 )dB(A) ]超过国家卫生标准外 ,其余车厢均符合卫生标准。振动测试结果均符合ISO 2 6 31/ 1 85标准。而车厢内空气质量测试结果表明 ,空调客车车厢内CO浓度在 3个不同季节(夏、秋、冬季 )其结果均符合国家卫生标准 ,达标率为 10 0 %;夏季硬座和硬卧车厢内CO2 浓度超过国家卫生标准。夏季样品达标率也明显低于普通客车 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。而冬季空调客车的软卧及硬卧车厢CO2 浓度均超过国家卫生标准。车厢内空气中可吸入尘、细菌总数的测定结果均符合国家卫生标准。同时还表明 ,全列空调客车的自然采光和人工照明效果均优于普通客车。结论　夏季车厢内湿度和餐车噪声超过卫生标准 ,车厢内CO2 浓度夏、冬两季

Hygienic investigation of indoor environment in air-conditioned passenger trains

Objective Explore the hygienic status of indoor environment in railway air-conditioned passenger trains. Methods We carried out a hygienic investigation of various air-conditioned passenger trains on total 10 railway lines in Shanghai,Chengtu,Kunming,Harbin,Urumchi and Guangzhou railway bureaus for two years between July,1997 and Oct.,1999.The monitoring was conducted on difference train cars at different time,different railway status.The control groups were selected in the same condition. Results The results of temperature and wind speed in air-conditioned trains both meet with the national standards GB 9673-1996 in summer and winter.The humidity in summer exceeded the national standards.Of different railways the status,the noise in four different cars except dining cars exceeded the national standards.The results of shock demonstrated that all measure up to the standards of ISO 2631/1-85.As to indoor air quality,the concentration of CO in air-conditioned trains in difference seasons(summer,autumn,winter) all met with the national standards,the ratio was 100%.In summer,the concentrations of CO 2 in hard seat cars and soft berth car exceeded the national standard with a statistic significance(P<0.01).In winter,the concentrations of CO 2 in soft berth and hard berth cars both exceeded the same standard.The results of inhalable particulate matter(IP) and total count of bacteria all satisfied the standards,meanwhile the natural lighting and artificial illumination in air-conditioned train cars all were superior to that in ordinary trains. Conclusion Humidity in summer and noise in dining car exceeded the standards,the concentration of CO 2 in different cars in summer and winter exceeded the standards in some degrees.