葡萄糖转运蛋白与脑缺氧缺血

葡萄糖转运蛋白是哺乳动物细胞转运葡萄糖的主要载体,介导葡萄糖通过易化扩散由细胞膜外转运至细胞内,葡萄糖转运蛋白(glucose transporter,GLUT)1和GLUT3是脑内负责葡萄糖转运的两个重要载体.脑缺氧缺血可以增加GLUT1和GLUT3的合成,以维持脑组织能量供给.现将主要围绕脑内GLUT1和GLUT3的分布、结构、功能以及脑缺氧缺血对脑内GLUT1和GLUT3表达的影响和调控机制及意义作一综述.

Glucose transporters and cerebral hypoxia-ischemia

Glucose transporters are the main carriers in the transportation of glucose in mammals; it mediates glucose across cell membranes into cells through facilitated diffusion .Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3)are the two main proteins responsible for the transport of glucose in the brain. Cerebral hypoxia-ischemia may increase the synthesis of GLUT1 and GLUT3 to accelerate the transport and utilization of glucose in the brain and adapt to the requirements of anaerobic glycolysis. These effects caused by cerebral hypoxia -ischemia play an important role in ensuring the brain's energy supply and therefore delay the cascade reaction caused by energy failure. This review mainly focuses on the structures, distributions and functions of GLUT1 and GLUT3 in the brain and influence of cerebral hypoxia-ischemia on their expression and regulation.