5种自身抗体与1型糖尿病的预测和诊断

1型糖尿病(T1DM)是遗传易感个体通过自身抗原介导的免疫反应所引起胰岛β细胞破坏的慢性自身免疫性疾病。自身抗体的发现为T1DM的预测和诊断提供了新的途径。目前,在众多胰岛自身抗体中,得到普遍认可的主要是5种抗体:谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体、胰岛素自身抗体、胰岛细胞抗体、蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶抗体和锌转运体8抗体。相关研究进一步证明了这5种抗体在T1DM前驱期和发病期的临床价值。

Five Autoantibodies and Prediction/Diagnosis of Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM)is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β-cells mediated by autoantigens in susceptible individuals genetically.Although the direct destruction of pancreatic β-cells is caused by autoantigen-specific T-cell responses mainly,the abnormal humoral responses in T1DM patients has become the focus of interest.And the discovery of autoantibodies has provided a new approach to the prediction and diagnosis of T1DM.At present,among dozens of pancreatic autoantibodies,there are only five autoantibodies well accepted:glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody(GADA),insulin autoantibody(IAA),islet cell antibody(ICA),protein tyrosine phosphatase IA2 antibody(IA-2A),and Zinc transporter 8 antibodies(ZnT8A).Many relevant studies have confirmed the value of the five autoantibodies in the prediction and diagnosis in the prodromal and early onset period of this disease.