彩色多普勒超声诊断60例下肢动脉粥样硬化的研究

目的：评价彩色多普勒超声对下肢动脉硬化的诊断价值。方法：收集经彩色多普勒超声诊断并与临床相符的60例下肢动脉粥样硬化患者的完整超声诊断资料，分析内膜-中层厚度及动脉斑块数量随年龄变化的规律，以及病程对动脉斑块数量及斑块种类演变的影响，并分析斑块种类及动脉狭窄程度随不同动脉而变化的特点。结果：下肢动脉粥样硬化患者，随年龄增加其动脉内膜中层增厚，斑块增多；随病程进展，斑块数量增多，斑块性质由扁平斑块逐渐发展为软斑块、混合斑块，并最后发展为硬斑块。混合斑块多发于股总动脉，硬斑块多发于股浅动脉、胫前动脉及足背动脉。斑块所致的管腔狭窄闭塞多见于胫前动脉及足背动脉，股总动脉狭窄程度大于股浅动脉及胭动脉。结论：彩色多普勒超声对下肢动脉粥样硬化检测具有重要的诊断价值。

The diagnostic value of color Doppler ultrasonography in 60 cases of lower limb atherosclerosis

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of color Doppler ultrasonography in lower limb atherosclerosis.Methods Sixty patients with lower limb atherosclerosis were enrolled in this study.The thickness of intima-media(IMT)and the amount of plaques were measured and compared among different age groups.The effect of disease course on the amount of plaques and the evoluation of different kind of plaques were analysed.The distribution of different kind of plaques and the stenotic degree of different arteries were reviewed.Results The IMT and the amount of plaques increased with aging in patients with lower limb atherosclerosis.As the course developed,the amount of plaques increased,and the plaques evolved from flat plaques to soft plaques and mixed plaques gradually,and finally to hard plaques.Mixed plaques were mostly found in common femoris arteries,and the hard plaques in superficial femoris arteries,anterior tibial arteries and dorsalis pedis arteries.Arterial stenosis and occlusion caused by plaque were mostly found in anterior tibial arteries and dorsalis pedis arteries.The stenosis found in common femoris arteries was more severe than that in superficial femoris arteries and popliteal arteries.Conclusions Color Doppler ultrasonography is of important value in diagnose lower limb atherosclerosis.