咽鼓管鼓口的应用解剖学观测

目的：了解咽鼓管鼓口的解剖及其与周围结构之间的关系，探讨鼓口的解剖变异与咽鼓管相关疾病间的关系，为开展耳内镜手术提供解剖资料。方法：在12例24侧成人尸头标本上对咽鼓管鼓口的形态、鼓口与颈内动脉隆起之间关系进行观察，测量咽鼓管鼓口的内外径和上下径、锤骨柄距颈内动脉隆起和咽鼓管最狭窄处距离，颈内动脉隆起高度。结果：咽鼓管鼓口剖面均为喇叭形，其宽敞程度和颈内动脉隆起位置、高度密切相关；咽鼓管鼓口的内外径和上下径分别为（4．59±0．87）mm和（4．55±0．85）mm，锤骨柄距颈内动脉隆起距离为（4．13±1．25）mm，距咽鼓管最狭窄处距离为（13．89±2．29）mm，颈内动脉隆起高度为（2．26±1．55）mm。结论：颈内动脉隆起位置、高度影响咽鼓管鼓口的形态和引流功能，鼓口的引流和咽鼓管相关疾病的发生之间有一定的关系；因此在治疗咽鼓管相关疾病时一定要重视鼓口的解剖特点。

Applied Anatomy of Ostium Tympanicum Tubae Auditivae

Objective： To understand the anatomy of thmpanic open of anditory tube and its surrounding structures, and explore the causation between its anatomic variation and diseases concerning auditory tube, in order to provide anatomic data for endotoscopic surgery. Methods：Twelve adult cadavers （24 sides） were used in this study. To observe the shape of thmpanie open of anditory tube and find out the relationship between tympanic orifice and internal carotid artery, and then measure the height and width of tympanic orifice, the distance from the handle of malleus to the bulging of internal carotid artery and to the narrowest of pharyngotympanic tube, the height of the bulging of internal carotid artery. Results ：The most tympanic orifices present tubaeform, whose spaces were closely related to the position and height of internal carotid artery bulging. The width and height of thmpanic open of anditory tube were （4, 59 ± 0.87 ） mm and （4.55 ± 0.85 ） mm, respectively. The distance from malleus to carotis interna artery was （4.13 ±1.25） mm, to the narrowest of pharyngotympanic tube was （ 13.89± 2.29 ） mm. The bulged height of carotis interna artery was （2.26 ± 1.55 ） mm. Conclusions：The shapes of tympanic orifice and its draining function were affected by the bulging position and height of carotis interna artery. Since its draining function contributes to the diseases concerning auditory tube, we must pay close attention to the pathological changes of tympanic orifice in the treatment of diseases with regard to otopharyngeal tube.