基于ABC态度模型的器官捐献意愿影响因素分析

目的  探索认知和情感态度对公众器官捐献意愿的影响及促进路径。方法  采用便利抽样的方法，并以ABC态度模型为理论基础，建立中介效应和结构方程模型，探索认知和情感态度对于公众器官捐献意愿的影响及提升路径。结果  在4 565名被调查者中，621名明确表示不愿意在自己去世后捐献器官，701名表示愿意在自己去世后捐献器官，仅259名被调查者已签署器官捐献同意卡。不同性别、年龄、宗教信仰、居住地、受教育程度的被调查者器官捐献意愿情况差异均有统计学意义（均为P < 0.05）。调查问卷整体Cronbach’s α系数为0.781，KMO=0.842，信效度较好。在结构方程模型中，认知对捐献意愿的路径系数为0.39，态度对捐献意愿的路径系数为0.25，认知和情感态度均对器官捐献意愿存在正向影响。中介效应检验结果显示，认知对捐献意愿的影响关系中，态度的中介作用显著，中介效应值为0.035（P < 0.01）。器官捐献知晓度是认知因素的最大影响因子，对捐献意愿的路径系数为0.20；社会光荣感是态度因素的最大影响因子，路径系数为0.16。结论  认知和情感态度均对器官捐献意愿存在正向影响，器官捐献知晓度是认知因素的最大影响因子，社会光荣感是态度因素的最大影响因子。提高公众的器官捐献认知水平和提升公众器官捐献的社会光荣感，有利于提高公众的器官捐献意愿。

Analysis of influencing factors of organ donation willingness based on ABC attitude model

Objective To investigate the influence of perceptions and emotional attitudes on the public's willingness to organ donation and its path of promotion. Methods The mediation effect and structural equation models were established through the convenience sampling method and with ABC attitude model as the theoretical basis to analyze the influence of perceptions and emotional attitudes on the public's willingness to organ donation and the path of promotion. Results Among 4 565 investigated subjects, 621 subjects expressly stated that they were not willing to donate their organs after the death, 701 subjects were willing to donate their organs after the death, but only 259 investigated subjects signed the informed content card of organ donation. The differences in the subjects' willingness to donate their organs were statistically significant in terms of different genders, ages, religious beliefs, places of residence and educational degrees (all P < 0.05). The overall Cronbach's α coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.781, KMO=0.842, with good reliability and validity. In the structural equation model, the path coefficient of perceptions on the willingness to donation was 0.39, while that of attitudes on the willingness was 0.25. As such, perceptions and emotional attitudes had positive impacts on the willingness to donate the organs. The results of the mediation effect model indicated that attitudes played significant mediation effects in the causality relationship of perceptions on the willingness to donate organs, and the mediation effect value was 0.035(P < 0.01). The awareness degree of organ donation was the largest determinant to the perception factor, and the path coefficient on the willingness to donation was 0.20. The sense of social honor was the largest determinant to the attitude factor, and the path coefficient was 0.16. Conclusions Both perceptions and emotional attitudes positively impact the willingness to donate organs. The awareness degree of organ donation is the largest determinant to the perception factor, while the sense of social honor is the largest determinant to the attitude factor. To improve the public's perception level towards the organ donation and increase the public's sense of social honor towards organ donation contributes to the improvement of the public's willingness to donate organs.