强化食品对学龄前儿童健康的影响

106名4～6岁营养中等的儿童食用三种强化食品(强1、强2、强3)5个月,每两强化饼干或每个强化面包可供给蛋白质6g,热能160kcal。“强1”加赖氨酸盐酸盐0.25g。“强2”中除赖氨酸外又加入核黄素0.8mg,“强3”除赖氨酸、核黄素外又加少量鱼肝油及钙粉。对照组食用未经强化的普通面包或饼干。实验结果表明“强1、强2”组的身高、体重月增加值显著高于对照组,氮存留量有增高趋势,而“强3”组实验后期热能摄入量有所减低,氮存留量有减少趋势。强1、强2组尿肌酐日排出量也显著增加,实验后核黄素负荷试验,尿中排出率显著增加,而强1组有微减趋势,由此可见,在摄入热能71kcal/kg,蛋白质2.1g/kg的条件下,平均每日增加赖氨酸228mg,核黄素1.1mg时有助于生长发育、氮存留量和核黄素营养状况的改善。仅仅增加蛋白质和赖氨酸可加重核黄素的不足,加入鱼肝油、钙粉等,影响食物感官性状,儿童不爱食用。三种食品中以“强2”效果为最好。

EFFECT OF FORTIFIED FOOD ON THE NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Three kinds of fortified biscuits and bread were given as breakfast for 5 months to 106 preschool children 4-6 years old lodged in a kindergarten, with a control group taking common biscuits and bread without fortification. 6 g protein and 160 kcal were supplied by 50 g of fortifed foods in which 0.25 g lysine, 0.25 g lysine and 0.8 mg riboflavin, and cod liver oil and calcium in addition to lysine and riboflavin were fortified respectively. The results showed that a diet with intake of 2.1 g protein and 71 kcal/kg body weight fortified on the average by 228 mg lysine or 228 mg lysine and 1.1 mg riboflavin increased the monthly increment of body weights, heights, and urinary excretions of creatinine per day. There was also a tendency of improvement, in nitrogen retention. The urinary excretion of riboflavin in load test was increased in the group taking the second kind of fortified foods.