功能性构音障碍塞音异常患者的语音特点及训练效果

目的 探讨功能性构音障碍(functional articulation disorders,FAD)塞音异常患者的语音特点和语音训练方法.方法 通过语音评估归类分析87例4~26岁FAD塞音异常患者的语音特点,分析异常塞音/b/、/p/、/d/、/t/、/g/、/k/的构音错误方式和错误表现形式;针对性实施语音训练矫正异常塞音构音部位及构音方式的错误,分析疗效.结果 塞音/t/错误例数最多(82/87),其他依次为/k/(77/87)、/d/(67/87)、/g/(60/87)、/p/(59/87),/b/音例数最少(3/87).发生率最高的错误方式为擦音化(65.52%),其他主要为不送气化(63.22%)、舌前音化(54.02%)、构音扭曲(33.33%)、双唇音化(32.18%)、舌后音化(18.39%)、辅音脱落(17.24%).经过2~10次语音训练,87例患者中完全治愈71例(81.61%),部分治愈16例(18.39%),塞音错误字数由训练前的67.97±18.56个减少到训练后的4.03±2.71个,差异有统计学意义(t=34.301,P<0.001).结论 本组FAD患者异常塞音发生例数由多到少依次为/t/、/k/、/d/、/g/、/p/、/b/,构音方式错误主要为擦音化、不送气化、构音扭曲、辅音脱落,构音部位错误主要为舌前音化、双唇音化、舌后音化;根据错误部位及错误方式集中开展针对性的语音训练可有效矫治塞音异常.

Phonetic Characteristics and Speech Treatment of Patients with Abnormal Plosive Consonant of Functional Articulation Disorders

Objective To study the phonetic characteristics of patients with abnormal plosive consonant of functional articulation disorders (FAD) and the possible treatment approaches.Methods A total of patients of 4~26 years old with abnormal plosive consonant of FAD received speech assessment and the phonetic characteristics.Incorrect articulation patterns and forms of plosive consonant /b/,/p/,/d/,/t/,/g/ and /k/ were analysed.The targeted speech treatment was established to correct the erroneous places and types of pronunciation.Results The error rate of /t/ (82/87)was the highest,followed by /k/(77/87),/d/(67/87),/g/(60/87),/p/(59/87) and /b/(3/87) which was the lowest.The error rate of fricative was 65.52% as the highest among all the erroneous patterns,followed by unaspiration(63.22%),forward movement of the tongue(54.02%),distortion(33.33%),bilabial(32.18%),and backward movement of the tongue(18.39%).Seventy-one cases were completely cured,and 16 cases partially cured after 2 to 10 times of treatment.The number of incorrect words of plosives decreased to 4.03±2.71 after the speech therapy from 67.97±18.56 prior to that.The differences were statistically significant (t =34.301,P<0.001).Conclusion The articulation errors of plosives occur mainly on /t/,/k/,/d/,/g/and /p/,/b/.The incorrect types of pronunciation are fricatives,unaspiration,distortion and omission.The incorrect places of articulation are forward movement of the tongue,bilabial and backward movement of the tongue.The targeted speech therapy established according to the erroneous places and types of articulation is significantly effective.