室内空气污染物暴露水平及影响因素分析

目的 探讨室内主要空气污染物暴露水平及其影响因素。方法 分别在2008年冬春和夏秋2个季节对100名儿童居室和教室内常见的空气污染物CO、CO₂、NO₂、可吸入颗粒(PM10)、甲醛、苯、甲苯进行检测。结果 儿童居室内NO₂的平均水平为冬春季(70.15μg/m³)高于夏秋季(61.16μg/m³),而甲醛平均水平则是夏秋季(61.18μg/m³)高于冬春季(43.91μg/m³);教室主要空气污染物CO、CO₂、NO₂的平均水平为冬春季高于夏秋季,而甲醛水平也是夏秋季水平高于冬春季(P=0.008);居室内CO、CO₂、NO₂水平主要与室内吸烟、使用燃气炉和住宅附近有机动车辆较多公路有关;而甲醛、苯、二甲苯水平则与1年内室内装修、1年内使用新家俱、室内吸烟有关。结论 应针对儿童室内空气污染物相关影响因素,采用科学方法控制室内污染物暴露水平。

Exposure level of indoor air pollutents and its related factors

Objective To explore the indoor air pollution level and its related factors.Methods Carbon dioxide(CO₂),carbon monoxide(CO),nitrogen dioxide(NO₂),benzene,toluene,formaldehyde,and PM10 were measured in bed-rooms and classrooms of 100 children in summer-autumn and winter-spring seasons.Results In the bedrooms,the NO₂ level was higher in winter-spring(70.15 μg/m³) and the formaldehyde level was higher in summer-autumn(61.18 μg/m³).In the classrooms,the level of CO,CO,and NO₂ were higher in winter-spring and the formaldehyde level was higher in summer-autumn.Gas cooking,indoor smoking and residence near traffic way were predictors for high level of CO,CO₂,NO₂ and new furniture,new house,indoor smoking were predictors for exposure of formaldehyde,benzene,and toluene.Conclusion Based on the results scientific methods should be used to controll the indoor air pollution.