再议结核分枝杆菌感染

结核病是由结核分枝杆菌感染引起的慢性传染性疾病，严重危害人类健康。我国是全球结核病高负担国家之一，活动性结核患者多，结核感染者多。预防性治疗是控制结核感染者不转变为活动性结核病患者的重要措施和手段。本文分析了预防性治疗在我国的开展现状及存在的局限性。我国目前开展的针对结核病感染高危人群的小范围预防性治疗，降低了高危人群结核病的发病率，有助于疫情控制。结合我国疫情特点，开展大规模和长时间的预防性治疗干预项目，制定出符合我国国情的预防性治疗方案和评估标准是亟待解决的问题。

The prognosis of a positive tuberculin reaction in childhood and adolescence

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, posing a serious threat to human health.Our country is one of the countries with the most serious tuberculosis epidemic in the world.There are many active tuberculosis patients and many latent tuberculosis infections (LTBI) in our country.Preventive therapy for LTBI is an important measure to prevent them from becoming active tuberculosis patients.In this study, we analyze the current status and limitations of preventive therapy in China.Some researches showed preventive therapy for people with high risk of tuberculosis disease in China could reduce the disease incidence, which was helpful for control of the epidemic situation.To perform large-scale and long-term preventive intervention projects, and to have appropriate preventive treatment strategy and evaluation criteria are needed in our country