经硬质支气管镜中心型肺癌腔内冷冻外科治疗

目的 探讨经硬式支气管镜冷冻外科治疗中晚期中心型肺癌的方法及疗效.方法 2002年6月至2008年12月共入组患者48例,男性33例,女性15例;年龄45～83岁,平均年龄70岁.38例为中晚期肺癌不适合手术,10例为术后局部复发的中心型肺癌患者.共进行冷冻外科治疗120次,平均每例2.5次.对患者冷冻治疗前后的管腔再通状况、临床症状、肺功能、胸部X线片及生活质最进行详细记录,并进行对比研究.结果 治疗过程中除3例有中等量渗血外,无其他严重并发症,无手术死亡.气管及叶以上支气管管腔再通率达97%.临床症状明显改善,其中呼吸困难改善87.5%,咳嗽72.9%,咳血93.8%,胸痛62.5%.肺功能检测第一秒用力呼气量从(1.03±0.05)L提高至(1.85±0.13)L(P<0.01),用力肺活量从(1.69±0.18)L提高至(2.96±0.14)L(P<0.01).患者的生活质量提高,Karnofsky评分升高≥20.随访6～62个月,最长带瘤生存时间达62个月,平均中位生存期为20个月.结论 经硬质支气管镜腔内冷冻外科治疗是一种简便有效的微创治疗方法,可以迅速解除呼吸道梗阻、控制和缓解中心型肺癌患者的临床症状,改善患者生活质量.

The cryosurgery of central lung cancer by rigid bronchoscopy

Objective To evaluate the method and effectiveness of rigid-bronchoscopic cryosurgery for advanced central lung cancer. Methods Forty-eight patients were enrolled in this study from June 2002 to December 2008, including 33 male and 15 female. The average age was 70 years (ranged from 45 to 83 years old). For the 48 patients, 38 cases were patients with advanced central lung cancer who were not suitable for surgery, and the remaining 10 cases were patients with local recurrence in trachea or main bronchus postoperatively. Cryosurgery was performed 120 times for all patients, 2.5 times per patient on average. The trachea or bronchus station, symptom such as dyspnea, hemoptysis, respiratory function and quality of life were observed. Results The unblocked ratio of trachea and bronchea was 97%. All patients got satisfied improvement ratio of symptoms, 87. 5% for dyspnea, 72. 9% for cough, 93. 8% for hemoptysis and 62. 5% for chest pain. Respiratory function tests showed that both the mean forced expiratory volume in first second and forced vital capacity got an improvement from (1. 03 ± 0. 05 ) L to (1. 85 ± 0. 13 ) L and from (1. 69 ±0. 18) Lto (2. 96 ±0. 14) L respectively (P<0. 01). Karnofsky score also got no less than 20 scores improvement. The Follow-up time was 6 to 62 months. The longest survival was 62 months. The median survival time was 20 months. There was no severe perioperative complications and mortality except for 3 cases of moderate exeduation. Conclusions Cryosurgery is easy to perform with minimal complications. Not only could it provide an effective and rapid control of symptoms caused by central lung cancer, it could also unobstructed bronchus promptly and improve patients' quality of life.