上海市某区68例化学烧灼伤的职业流行病学分析

目的]研究上海市某区化学烧灼伤事故的发生特点、人群和时间分布特征、主要原因及发生趋势,为制订防控对策提供依据。方法]收集1995年10月至2002年9月间发生的68例化学烧灼伤病例报告卡进行回顾性流行病学分析。结果]该区化学烧灼伤发生率由1996年的8.48/万上升至2002年的21.08/万;7年累计发生率为男性(1.56%)高于女性(0.20%);化学烧灼伤发生季节以第2、3季度为主;引起化学烧灼伤的化学物品以硫酸(27.9%)、氢氧化钠(16.2%)为主;事故发生的主要原因以违反安全操作规程(23.5%)、无个人防护用品或个人防护用品使用不当(17.6%)及产品包装或作业岗位无警示标志(16.2%)为主。结论]从1995~2002年该区发生化学烧灼伤主要原因是违反安全操作规程、个人防护用品缺乏或个人防护用品使用不当等。应从加强安全教育、配备相应个人防护用品等方面综合防制。

Study of Occupational Epidemiology on the Chemical Burn Cases in One District of Shanghai

Objective]To provide basic information on preventing chemical burn,the study of occupational epidemiology for chemical burn cases on occurrence characteristics,population distribution,time distribution and main causes was performed at one district in Shanghai.Methods]A retrospective study on the chemical burn accidents reported from October, 1996 to September,2002 was conducted at this district.Results]The chemical burn accidents increased year by year during this period,and the incidences were 8.48 per ten thousand in 1996 and 21.08 per ten thousand in 2002. The cumulative incidence of male(1.56%)was significantly higher than that of female(0.20%). The chemical burn accidents mainly occurred in summers and autumns. The main chemicals caused chemical burn accidents were sulfuric acid(27.9%)and sodium hydroxide (16.2%). The main causes of the chemical burn accidents were operation against safe processing procedure(23.5%),without or improper use of personal protective equipment(PPE)(17.6%)and no warning signs on packages and /or in working sites(16.2%). Conclusion]From 1996 to 2002,the main causes of the chemical burn accidents were working against safe processing procedure,lacking in PPE or improperly using PPE. In order to decrease the incidence of chemical burn,a comprehensive intervention including work safety education and providing PPE should be introduced.