孕产期保健宣教对产褥期妇女饮食及行为影响

目的 通过比较干预组和对照组产褥期妇女不同休养方式对健康的影响,分析不同饮食、行为与健康的关系。方法 于2010年9月在宁夏银川市社区和海原县乡村随机抽取800 名在妇幼保健机构建有孕期保健卡、身体健康的孕晚期妇女(均为怀孕37 周即将分娩的妇女)作为研究对象,于产前和产后住院期间在干预组对象中进行多种形式营养卫生宣教,对照组不采取干预措施,但仍与干预组接受相同的常规保健服务。结果 干预组对象营养保健知识水平有明显提高,如城市、农村干预组对象认为鸡肉比鸡汤更有营养分别占45.90%和50.00%,认为产妇居室可以开窗通风分别占93.44%和71.21%;干预组对象第2、4 周洗澡、洗头等行为的发生率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预组便秘、痔疮、腰背痛等疾病的患病率分别为18.03%、11.48%、21.31%,均低于对照组(P<0.01)。结论 采用多种形式的卫生保健宣教方法能有效提高妇女营养保健知识水平从而改善妇女产褥期饮食、行为及健康状况。

Effect of health care education on diet and behavior of women during puerperium

Objective To study the effects of health care education on diet and behavior among puerperal women.Methods A total of 800 healthy pregnant women with prenatal health care card at the third trimester(over 37 weeks of pregnancy) were selected from communities of Yinchuan city and rural areas of Haiyuan county.During prenatal and postnatal hospitalization,the wome in intervention group received various nutrition and health care education and those in the control group received only routine health care.Results The nutrition and health knowledge of the intervention group increased significantly.For urban and rural women in intervention group,49.5% and 50.0% realized that chicken meat is more nutrient than chicken broth,and 93.44% and 71.21% were aware of opening window during puerium.The rates of bathing and washing hair among the wome in intervention group were significantly higher than those of women in the control group(P＜0.01).Prevalences of constipation,hemorrhoids,and low back pain among the women in intervention group were 18.03%,11.48%,and 21.31%,which were significantly lower than those of in the control group.Conclusion Proper nutrition education could increase nutrition and health care knowledge and improve dietary behaviors and health status of the women during puerperium.