Biophysical modeling of neural plasticity induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation |
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Authors: | Marcus T. Wilson Ben D. Fulcher Park K. Fung P.A. Robinson Alex Fornito Nigel C. Rogasch |
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Affiliation: | 1. School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Waikato, New Zealand;2. Brain and Mental Health Research Hub, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Monash University, Australia;3. Department of Ophthalmology, Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, USA;4. School of Physics, University of Sydney, Australia;5. Center for Integrative Brain Function, University of Sydney, Australia;6. Center for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University, Australia |
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Abstract: | Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a widely used noninvasive brain stimulation method capable of inducing plastic reorganisation of cortical circuits in humans. Changes in neural activity following TMS are often attributed to synaptic plasticity via process of long-term potentiation and depression (LTP/LTD). However, the precise way in which synaptic processes such as LTP/LTD modulate the activity of large populations of neurons, as stimulated en masse by TMS, are unclear. The recent development of biophysical models, which incorporate the physiological properties of TMS-induced plasticity mathematically, provide an excellent framework for reconciling synaptic and macroscopic plasticity. This article overviews the TMS paradigms used to induce plasticity, and their limitations. It then describes the development of biophysically-based numerical models of the mechanisms underlying LTP/LTD on population-level neuronal activity, and the application of these models to TMS plasticity paradigms, including theta burst and paired associative stimulation. Finally, it outlines how modeling can complement experimental work to improve mechanistic understandings and optimize outcomes of TMS-induced plasticity. |
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Keywords: | Transcranial magnetic stimulation Biophysical modeling Plasticity Theta burst stimulation Paired associative stimulation TMS transcranial magnetic stimulation LTP long-term potentiation LTD long-term depression rTMS repetitive TMS TBS theta burst stimulation PAS paired-associative stimulation MEP motor-evoked potential cTBS continuous TBS iTBS intermittent TBS NMDA n-methyl-d-aspartate CaDP calcium dependent plasticity EEG electroencephalography MRI magnetic resonance imaging STDP spike timing dependent plasticity BCM Bienenstock-Cooper-Munro GABA gamma-aminobutyric-acid ISI inter-stimulus interval |
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