苏州市工业园区电炉企业生产性粉尘危害调查

目的调查分析电炉厂生产性粉尘对作业工人健康的危害情况。方法对苏州工业园区32家电炉厂作业场所进行劳动卫生学调查,并对1800名作业工人进行职业性体检。结果电炉厂的粉尘种类主要是电焊烟尘和岩棉尘（总尘、下同）,其中电焊烟尘时间加权平均容许浓度（PC-TWA）为0.68～64.07 mg/m^3,超标率12.5%,超限倍数0.2～16.0。岩棉粉尘PC-TWA为1.05～12.53 mg/m^3,超标率26.6%,超限倍数0.3～4.3。作业工人体检1800人（接尘工人1067人,非接尘工人733人）,尘肺0^＋检出人数2人,检出率1.1‰;职业禁忌证14例（肺结核12例、肺气肿2例）,检出率7.8‰;肺部异常阴影2例,检出率1.1‰。肺功能测试结果分为接尘组和非接尘组,结果接触粉尘可导致肺通气功能和小气道功能指标下降,接尘工龄长肺功能值异常率高,接尘工人的肺功能障碍的发生率高于非接尘工人。结论电炉厂存在比较严重的粉尘职业危害,接尘工人的肺功能已受到一定程度的损害,有关部门应重点做好通风防尘工作和个人卫生防护;做好从业人员健康监护,保障作业工人的健康。

Investigation on Hazard of Productive Dust in Electric Stove Enterprise in Industrial Park of Suzhou City

Objective] To investigate and analyze hazard of productive dust in electric stove enterprise. Methods] Occupational hygienic survey was conducted on 32 electric stove enterprises＇working places, and occupational health examination was conducted on 1800 workers. Results] welding fume and rock wool dust are the main types of dust （Total dust, following same）, the time weighted average allowable concentration （ PC-TWA ） , the over standard rate and the multiple beyond limits of welding fume was 0.68 64.07 mg/m^3, 12.5% and 0.2 - 16.0 respectively. That of rock wool dust was 1.05 - 12.53 mg/m^3, 26.6% and 0.3 - 4.3 respectively. Of 1800 physical examined workers （ 1067 workers exposed to dust, 733 workers unexposed to dust） , 2 were detected 0^＋ pneumoconiosis with detection rate of1. 1‰; 14 （ 12 of tuberculosis , 2 of emphysema） were Occupational taboos with detection rate of 7.8‰; 2 were detected abnormalities shadow of lung with detection rate of 1.1‰. Lung function test results were divided into dustexposure group and non dust-exposure group, exposing to dust can lead lung function and small airway function to declining, abnormal lung function rate increased with the length of service to dust, the incidence of lung function obstacles among dust-exposure workers were higher than that of non dust-exposure workers. Conelusion] Serious occupational hazards of dust exist in electric stove enterprise, lung function of dust-exposure workers has been harmed to a certain degree, the relevant departments should focus on ventilation and personal hygiene protection; and pay more attention to workers＇heath surveillance to protect workers＇health.