急性中毒病例流行病学特征及救治对策

目的研究安徽省肥西县急性中毒病例的临床特点和发病规律,为更有效地提高该地区急性中毒患者的抢救成功率和做好中毒防范工作提供科学依据。方法采取分层随机整群抽样方法随机抽取肥西县县级综合医院、乡镇中心卫生院、乡镇普通卫生院各一所,研究这3所医院2006年1月1日~2008年12月31日就诊的所有初诊中毒患者。结果共报告有效病例798例,其中男性481名,女性317名,性别比1.52∶1,平均年龄为（37.96±15.78）岁,中毒发生时间多集中在13~14点（19.30%）和20~21点（22.81%）,中毒就诊时间平均为1.85 h,中毒死亡率为3.38%。结论急性中毒发生率、死亡率高,急救医务人员应采取针对性和预防性措施,提高救治成功率。

Epidemiological characteristics of acute poisoning and its medical countermeasures

Aim To study the characteristics of poisoning in patients visiting hospital,then provide basic evidence for poisoning medical countermeasures.Methods 3 hospitals were sampled by stratified sampling,and the data of all poisoning patients visiting the respective 3 hospitals from 2006 to 2008 were analyzed.Results 798 poisoning patients were collected.The ratio of male to female was 1.52∶1.The average age was 37.96±15.78.The main poisons were alcohol and pesticide.Most poisoning occurred from 13∶00 to 14∶00 and from 20∶00 to 21∶00.The mortality rate is 3.38%.Conclusion Poisoning is badly endangering the health of the residents.First aid and emergency treatments should be made effectively.