电子技术企业噪声作业工人听力损失特点分析

目的了解电子技术企业噪声作业工人听力损失的特点，为采取控制和消除职业性噪声聋的发生提供依据。方法对两家电子技术企业进行职业卫生调查，以噪声作业车间495名工人为噪声组，以150例无职业危害作业工人为对照组，用常规方法测量每个工人的左右耳气导听阈，按照GBZ47—2007计算平均听阈和判定听力状态，比较两组工人听力状况，并对噪声组听力损失进行统计学分析。结果噪声组、对照组听力损失检出率分别为14．9％和1．3％，两组比较，差异有极显著性（P〈0．01）。噪声组中，接触非稳态噪声、稳态噪声工人的听力损失检出率分别为15．3％、12．5％，冲压、打磨和粉碎工种工人的听力损失检出率分别为15．3％、13．3％和11．8％，工龄为〈5、5～、10-年组工人的听力损失检出率分别为8．2％、28．4％和38．3％，年龄为〈25、25～、39-岁组工人的听力损失检出率分别为0．0％、17．9％和29．6％；不同工种、不同类型噪声接触工人的听力损失检出率比较，差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）；χ^2趋势检验示，随着噪声作业工龄的增加、年龄的增加，听力损失检出率增加（P〈0．01）；逐步多因素Logistic回归分析显示，工龄、年龄是听力损失的独立危险因素。结论电子技术行业高强度噪声引起作业人员听力损失，加强职业病防治管理措施，对降低职业性噪声聋的发生有重要意义。

Features of hearing loss in noise-exposed workers in electronic technology enterprises

Objective To provide support for the control and elimination of occupational noise-induced hearing loss by exploring the features of hearing loss in noise-exposed workers in electronic technology enterprises. Methods A survey on occupational health was conducted in two enterprises. 495 workers exposed to environmental noise in the enterprises were studied as noise-exposed group and 160 workers with no noise exposure enrolled as control group. The air conduction thresholds were detected in both ears by routine methods. According to the criteria on GBZ49-2007, the average thresholds were calculated and the hearing status was determined and then was compared between the two groups. Hearing loss in noiseexposed group was analyzed. Results The detectable rate of hearing loss differed significantly between the noise-exposed group and in the control group （ 14.9% vs. 1.3%, P〈 0.01 ）. In the noise exposed group, the detectable rate was 15.3% in the workers exposed to non-stationary noise and 12.5% in those exposed to stationary noise and it was 15.3% for those in charge of punching, 13.3% for polishing, and 11.8% for grinding. The detectable rate was 8.2% for the group exposed to noise less than 5 years, 8.3% for greater than 10 years, and 28.4% for in-between and it was 0.0%, 17.9%, and 29.6% in different age groups of 〈 25 years, 25 to 39 years, and 〉 39 years, respectively. The detectable rate did not differ significantly among different work types and among different sorts of noise （ P〉 0.05 for all comparisons ）. The χ2 test revealed the detectable rate of hearing loss elevated with prolongation of noise exposure and an increase in age （ P〈 0.01 for all comparisons ）. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis showed length of work and age were the independent risk factors of hearing loss. Conclusions High-intensity noise causes hearing loss in workers in electronic technology enterprises. It is of importance to enhance the prevention and treatment of occupational diseases to reduce occupational noise-induced hearing loss.