广西阳朔县54年间狂犬病流行情况分析

目的分析狂犬病的流行特征,探讨狂犬病流行相关因素,为防制提供科学依据。结论收集1956-2009年阳朔县狂犬病疫情资料及个案调查表,采用EXCEL进行数据整理,采用SPSS软件进行统计分析。结果阳朔县54年间共报告狂犬病病例200例,病死率为100%,以春冬季多发,年发病率为0～7.47%,全县9个乡镇均有病例分布。男女性别比为4.6∶1,各年龄段均有发病,60岁以上年龄组多发。发病以农民为主,报告病例个案调查表显示,未做伤口处置的病例高达85.71%,处置不及时的病例占14.29%,未接种过疫苗的病例占85.17%。不同病例潜伏期差异显著,以40～90d居多,病程较短且临床表现各异。结论阳朔县54年间狂犬病的流行情况呈波动性,1993年疫情控制后,2003年又出现反弹。犬只管理不到位、人群缺乏狂犬病的防治知识、防范意识差或者暴露后无免疫接种是其流行的主要因素。

Epidemiologic situation of rabies in Yangshuo, Guangxi

Objective To analyze the epidemic features of rabies,and provide effective strategy for the disease prevention and control. Method The epidemic data of rabies during 1956-2009 were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 200 of cases from 9 townships of the county were reported between 1956-2009.The mortality rate was 100% and the highest annual morbidity reached to 7.47%.The ratio of male to female subjects was 4.6,and the age was ranged from 4 to 79 years old. Elderly （above 60 years old） individual was the high risk group. Most of the patients were farmers. 85.71% victims didn＇t treat the wound.Cases were found all-year round in which most of them accounting for 62.5% were grangers.The patients, account for 85.17%, did not receive the necessary treatment for the broken skin, and who were not treated promptly reaching 14.29%.And 85.17% of the patients did not receive the necessary rabies immunization. Conclusion The keys to reduce rabies incidents were strengthening of the management of dogs,promotion of the education of rabies,standardizing the treatment of broken skin and enhancing the vaccination against rabies.