43例机器人二尖瓣置换术后单中心中长期随访结果

目的 总结机器人二尖瓣置换术(MVR)的手术经验及远期疗效.方法 选择2007年1月-2015年1月在解放军总医院心血管外科应用达芬奇机器人外科系统完成二尖瓣置换术的43例患者,年龄19~65(47±11)岁,NYHA心功能分级Ⅰ级6例、Ⅱ级30例、Ⅲ级7例,左室射血分数54%~78%(64.0%±7.1%),其中20例患者伴有心房纤颤、32例患者伴有风湿性二尖瓣狭窄.所有患者均在体外循环建立后利用达芬奇机器人系统切开左心房,进行机械或者生物二尖瓣置换,利用Cor-KnotTM打结装置的缝线夹子固定人工瓣膜.术前和术后均行经食管超声心动图检查(TEE),术后随访观察患者的手术效果及不良事件发生情况.结果 所有患者均顺利完成手术,无一例转为正中胸骨切开术,无死亡病例;手术时间292±62(140~450)min,体外循环时间124±26min,主动脉阻断时间88±21min;术后机械通气支持时间为15±5h,危重症监护室停留时间为4±1d,未发生心肌梗死、室性心动过速或者失血过多等并发症.所有患者均获随访,随访时间1个月~6年,中位时间3.5年,随访期间无死亡、中风、由假体性心内膜炎或者假体失效引起的二次手术等,但有17例(39.5%)患者术后仍有心房颤动症状.结论 机器人二尖瓣置换术安全有效并具有良好的长期效果.

Robotic mitral valve replacement: A single center,medium-long term follow-up of 43 cases

Objective To summarize the surgical experience gained from robotic mitral valve replacement (MVR), and demonstrate the long-term clinical follow-up results. Methods From Jan. 2007 to Jan. 2015, more than 700 patients underwent various types of robotic cardiac surgery in the Department the authors served in, and of them 43 patients underwent robotic MVR with da Vinci Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, USA). Among the 43 patients, the average age was 47±11 years (ranged 19-65 years), and sex ratio (female to male) was 0.8:1. Six patients were with heart function of NYHA class Ⅰ, 30 patients were of NYHA class Ⅱ and 7 patients were of NYHA class Ⅲ. The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were 54%-78% (64.0%±7.1%), and 20 patients had atrial fibrillation on admission, and 35 patients were with rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS). Atrial septal defect (0.7cm in size) co-existed in 1 case and 1 patient had mild aortic regurgitation. Mechanical or bioprosthetic mitral valve was replaced via left atriotomy by using da Vinci robotic surgical system after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) set-up. Radiopaque titan clips was employed by Cor-Knot knot-tying device (LSI Solutions, Inc, Victor, NY) to anchor the prosthetic valve. Trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE) was performed before and after surgery. The operative data were collected and patients were followed up at outpatient clinic regularly up to 6 years. Results All cases were performed successfully with the same surgery. No conversion to median sternotomy or operative mortality occurred. The average operation time was 292±62 minutes (ranged 140-450 minutes) with CPB time of 124±26 minutes and aortic occlusion time of 88±21 minutes. The postoperative mechanical ventilation support time was continued for 15±6 hours, and the average staying length in critical care unit was 4±1 days. No myocardial infarction, ventricular tachycardia or excessive bleeding was complicated. All patients were successfully followed up for a median of 3.5 years (ranged 1 month to 6 years). In the follow-up period, no incidence of death, stroke, re-operation due to prosthetic endocarditis or prosthetic failure was reported. However, 39.5% (n=17) patients still had atrial fibrillation after surgery. Conclusion Robotic MVR is a safe and effective procedure with excellent long term surgical outcome.