复发性心脏瓣膜病的多次手术治疗(附28例报告)

目的 总结复发性心脏瓣膜病行多次心脏瓣膜手术治疗的经验.方法 回顾性分析2004年6月-2015年6月行3次或以上瓣膜手术的28例复发性心脏瓣膜病患者的病例资料,其中男15例,女13例,年龄55.6±6.5(44~67)岁,均有2次或以上二尖瓣和(或)主动脉瓣置换或成形手术史,均行再次心脏瓣膜手术,其中二尖瓣置换18例,三尖瓣置换10例.二尖瓣置换在中低温心脏停搏下进行,均同期行三尖瓣成形;三尖瓣置换在体外循环心脏跳动下进行.10例采用股动静脉结合上腔静脉插管,其余18例均常规行动静脉插管.对心脏停搏患者采用主动脉根部灌注停跳液进行心肌保护.结果 全组患者体外循环时间65~300min,平均125min;18例二尖瓣置换患者主动脉阻断时间55~107min,平均80min.全组死亡2例,死因均为严重低心排综合征.术后早期主要并发症包括呼吸衰竭3例,严重低心排综合征2例,因纵隔出血行二次开胸探查止血2例,重症感染性休克1例.随访6~36个月,患者心功能明显改善,置入瓣膜未发现异常.结论 复发性心脏瓣膜病行3次或以上瓣膜手术虽然具有较高的手术风险,但只要准确把握手术时机、采用正确的手术技术及妥善的围术期处理,仍然能取得满意的手术效果.

Resurgery for recurrent heart valve diseases

Objective To summarize the experience with resurgery for recurrent valvular heart diseases.Methods From June 2004 to June 2015, 28 patients (15 males and 13 females) with ages ranging from 44 to 67 years (55.6±6.5 years) with recurrent heart valve disease underwent resurgery. The reasons for resurgery included perivalvular leakage (7 cases), bioprosthetic valve decline (6 cases in mitral valve and 3 in tricuspid valve), mechanical prostheses dysfunction (2cases), infective endocarditis after valve replacement (2 cases), restenosis of repaired native valve (1 case), and severe tricuspid insufficiency after left-side valve surgery (7 cases). Resurgery included mitral valve replacement in 18 patients and tricuspid valve replacement in 10. All the patients underwent third or fourth or even fifth cardiac surgery for valve replacement.Results There were 2 hospital deaths with a mortality of 7.1% (2/28). The main causes of early-stage deaths were low cardiac output syndrome. The main postoperative complications were respiratory failure in 3, low cardiac output syndrome in 2, reexploration for bleeding in 2 and serious infectious shock in 1. All the patients were found with the great improvement in heart function and the re-implanted prostheses worked well during follow-up.Conclusions Although resurgery for recurrent heart valve disease poses a continuing challenge to cardiac surgeon, it could be performed with the satisfactory results. The keys to a successful cardiac resurgery include appropriate operational timing, refined surgical technique and reasonable perioperative managements.