潜艇艇员远航期间睡眠特点的跟踪研究

目的 探讨潜艇艇员远航期间的睡眠特点,为艇员远航睡眠保障提供科学依据.方法 以执行某远航任务的潜艇艇员作为研究对象,于远航前及每个航段前后采用睡眠状况自评量表(SRSS)跟踪调查艇员的睡眠状况并进行评分.分析不同任务类型艇员在执行航段任务前后、海上休整前后的睡眠变化,对艇员和水面舰舰员第二航段的睡眠分数进行比较,并对每个航段有睡眠问题艇员的人数进行比较.结果 由整体结果 看,艇员在执行完航段任务后,睡眠状况明显差于航段任务前和出海前(P<0.01),第三航段任务前的睡眠情况明显差于出海前(P<0.05).航段任务前艇员海上休整,睡眠状况平稳,与出海前差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).完成航段任务、艇员海上休整结束后的睡眠情况明显好于休整前(P<0.05或P<0.01).完成一个航段后经过海上休整,艇员的睡眠分数恢复至出海前水平(P>0.05).连续完成两个航段任务后经过海上休整,艇员睡眠分数的变化不明显(P>0.05).艇员经海上休整后睡眠状况明显好于同期、同次任务的水面舰舰员(P<0.05),但艇员在执行完航段任务后,睡眠明显差于海上休整艇员(P<0.01)及水面舰舰员(P<0.05).各航段中,出现睡眠问题人数的比例在海上休整艇员中明显低于执行航段任务的艇员(P<0.001或P<0.05).第一航段任务后未休整的艇员和靠港休整的艇员出现睡眠问题的比例比较差异不明显(P>0.05),但第二航段靠港休整的艇员中出现睡眠问题的比例明显高于前者(P<0.05).海上休整期间,第二、第三航段艇员中出现睡眠问题的比例明显高于第一航段(P<0.05,P<0.01),第三航段任务艇员中出现睡眠问题的比例明显高于第一航段(P<0.01)和第二航段(P<0.01).结论 整体上,远航艇员执行完航段任务后睡眠质量明显下降,且睡眠问题可累加,随连续长航时间的增加睡眠质量越来越差,但经过海上休整,艇员的睡眠状况明显好转,提示海上休整是艇员执行远航任务时有效的睡眠保障方式.

A tracking study on sleep characteristics of submariners during a long-term voyage

Objective To explore the sleep characteristics of submariners during a long-term voyage, so as to provide scientific evidence for ensuring submariners with good sleep during long-term voyages. Methods The sleep status of submariners who participated in a long-term voyage was tested by Self-Rating Scale of Sleep (SRSS) before the voyage, and before and after each voyage section during the voyage. The sleep status variation of submariners who performed different types of tasks, from the beginning to the end of each voyage section and of each resting-on-the-sea section was analyzed respectively. Comparison of sleep scores was performed between submariners and surface ship crew in the second voyage section. Numbers of submariners with sleep problem were compared in each voyage section. Results Generally speaking, submariners' sleep status at the end of voyage section was significantly worse than that at the beginning of voyage section and that before the whole voyage (P<0.001, P<0.01), and the sleep status at the beginning of the third voyage section was significantly worse than that before the whole voyage (P<0.05). Submariners had a steady sleep status when taking a resting-on-the-sea before starting their first voyage section, which was no significant difference from that before the whole voyage (P>0.05). After finishing a voyage section and taking a resting-on-the-sea, submariners' sleep status returned to the level of pre-voyage (P>0.05), and was significantly better than that before the resting-on-the-sea (P<0.05, P<0.01). After finishing two voyage sections and then taking a resting-on-the-sea, the submariners' sleep status showed no obvious variation (P>0.05). Compared with that of surface ship crew who accomplished the same voyage section, submariners had an obviously better sleep status after taking a resting-on-the-sea (P<0.05). Meanwhile, submariners who finished a voyage section showed a significantly worse sleep status than those resting on the sea (P<0.01) and surface ship crew who finished a same voyage section (P<0.05). In each voyage section, submariners with sleep problems who finished resting-on-the-sea were significantly less than those who finished navigation (P<0.001, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of submariners with sleep problems between those who taking non-resting and taking resting-at-dock after finishing the first voyage section (P>0.05), but the latter was significantly more than the former when the second voyage section was finished (P<0.05). During the resting-on-the-sea period, the numbers of submariners with sleep problems in both the second and the third voyage section were significantly more than those in the first voyage section (P<0.05, P<0.01). The numbers of submariners with sleep problems who implemented the third voyage section were significantly more than those who implemented the first and the second voyage section (P<0.01). Conclusions Generally, the sleep quality of submariners is significantly worse after accomplished a voyage section task, and the degree of sleep problems may be accumulated to worse and worse along with the increase of long-term voyage time. Whereas, submariners may have a significantly better sleep status after taking a resting-on-the-sea, implying that resting-on-the-sea is an effective way to ensure submariners a good sleep during a long-term voyage.