常驻高原部队官兵营养知识-态度-行为及其影响因素的研究

目的 了解高原边防部队官兵的营养知识水平、态度、膳食习惯及其影响因素.方法 运用自行设计的营养知识-态度-行为(KAP)问卷对90名驻守高原6个月以上的部队官兵进行调查,问卷现场发放并收回.根据《军队营养调查和评价方法 》(GJB 1636A-2016)的要求测量部队官兵身高、体重、上臂围和三头肌皮褶厚度,并计算体重指数(BMI)和上臂肌围值.结果 高原部队官兵营养知识水平中等,营养态度较好,营养行为水平中等;营养知识与营养行为呈明显正相关(r=0.283,P=0.003),营养知识与年龄呈明显正相关(r=0.228,P=0.04),营养态度与官兵来源(南北方)呈明显正相关(r=0.339,P=0.035),营养行为与上臂肌围呈明显正相关(r=0.222,P=0.030).65.6%的官兵希望了解膳食与疾病关系的相关知识,25.6%的官兵在高原有饮酒习惯.结论 高原部队官兵营养知识缺乏,一定程度造成其营养行为的不正确,但官兵们改变现有不良饮食现状的态度积极.建议对常驻高原部队官兵进行高原特需营养膳食宣教,以科学地指导特殊环境下官兵的膳食营养行为,提高身体健康水平.

Investigation into the nutritional knowledge,attitude and practices among officers and soldiers living at high altitude and its influential factors

Objective To investigate the levels of nutritional knowledge, attitude and dietary habits and its influential factors of the officers and soldiers in frontier forces to provide the theory basis for nutrition education.Methods Using self-designed nutritional knowledge-altitude-practice (KAP) questionnaires to survey 90 officers and soldiers who lived in plateau for at least 6 months. Questionnaires were handed out and handed over on the spot. According toMilitary Nutrition Survey and Evaluation Methods (GJB 1636A-2016), we measured the physical index of officers and soldiers, including height, weight and skin thickness of triceps. And we also evaluated body mass index (BMI) and upper arm muscle circumference.Results Nutrition knowledge, attitude and practice conditions of plateau forces were at the average, better and average levels respectively. Nutritional knowledge was significantly positively related to the practices (r=0.283,P=0.003), and was also significantly positively related to the age of the soldiers (r=0.228,P=0.04). Nutritional attitude was positively related to source of officers and soldiers (r=0.339,P=0.035), and nutritional practices were positively related to the upper arm muscle circumference (r=0.222,P=0.030). 65.6% of the officers and soldiers would like to know the knowledge about relationship between diet and disease. 25.6% of the officers and soldiers in the plateau were alcohol users.Conclusions Although the nutrition knowledge of plateau forces were poor, and the nutritional practices were influenced by nutritional knowledge, but the soldiers' attitude of changing unhealthy dietary habits was very positive. It is necessary to undertake the dietary nutrition education related to the high altitude nutrition among plateau forces to guild their nutritional practice scientifically.