梅毒螺旋体抗体的4种血清学检测方法的应用评价

目的：评价酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）、梅毒螺旋体抗体胶体金试验、快速血浆反应素试验（RPR）和梅毒螺旋体明胶颗粒凝集试验（TPPA）对梅毒病人诊断的敏感性和特异性。方法：同时用ELISA、胶体金试验、RPR试剂和TPPA对1136例住院及门诊病人血清进行检测，TPPA试验作为确认试验，从而得出其他3种方法的敏感性和特异性。结果：ELISA法的阳性率97．61％（82／84），假阳性率0．28％（3／1052）；金标法阳性率82．14％（69／84），假阳性率5．32％（56／1052）；RPR法阳性率73．8％（62／84），假阳性率0．38％（4／1052）；3种方法即ELISA、金标法、RPR法均阳性为60例，检出率为71．43％（60／84），假阳性率为0．09（1／1052）。在用TPPA方法确认为梅毒螺旋体抗体阳性的血清标本中，金标法和RPR法在弱阳性标本（S／CO值为1～5）的阳性检出率明显低于S／CO值〉5的阳性标本。结论：TP-ELISA法是一种高特异性、高敏感性的梅毒血清学诊断检测方法，TP-ELISA与TPPA相关性良好，可作为确证试验。后两种试验假阴性和假阳性较多，只能作为辅助试验，如果多种方法结合使用，可使假阳性率下降。

Clinical evaluation of four kinds methods for diagnosis of Treponema pallidum

Objective. To evaluate the sensitive and accuracy of ELISA, TPPA, colloidal gold diagnostic and RPR methods in diagnosis Of treponemal infection. Methods. The serum from 1 136 syphilis patients were detected by ELISA, colloidal gold, TPPA and RPR methods. The positive results obtained by three methods were compared with those obtained by TPPA method. Then the positive and false positive rates of different methods were calculated. Results. The positive rate detected by ELISA, Colloidal Gold and RPR methods were 97.61%, 82. 14% and 71.43%. The false negative rate of three kinds of methods were 0.28%, 5.32% and 0.38%. Conclusion. ELISA was evidented with a high sensitive and a high specific serological method in diagnosis of treponemal infection. Detection of the same sample with three reagents reduced the false positive rate to 0.09 %.