新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下中老年人的心理健康状况

目的研究中老年人在新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情下心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法采用在线问卷方法调查全国范围内50~65岁的中老年人心理健康状态,问卷内容包括心理健康自评问卷(SRQ-20)、健康问卷抑郁量表(PHQ-9)、广泛性焦虑障碍量表(GAD-7)和失眠严重程度指数量表(ISI),分别用以评估应激反应、抑郁情绪、焦虑情绪、睡眠障碍状态。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计分析。多重线性回归分析相关因素对疫情下中老年人心理健康状态的影响。结果有效回收问卷1501份(nSRQ-20=1377,nPHQ-9=1241,nGAD-7=1204,nISI=1209),经分析发现24.5%出现了心理应激,18.5%表现出中重度抑郁状态,10.7%表现出中重度焦虑状态,10.8%表现出中重度失眠。多重线性回归分析显示,身体健康状况、对疫情的担忧、教育程度和年龄对疫情下中老年人心理健康状态的影响较大,4个因素在PHQ-9、GAD-7、SRQ-20及ISI模型中的决定系数R2分别为0.190、0.176、0.232和0.137,其中以身体健康状况最为显著,标准化β值依次为0.374、0.368、0.406、0.322(均P<0.01)。进一步分析不同健康状况(良好、一般及欠佳3组)间心理状态的差异,发现3组在应激反应、抑郁、焦虑、睡眠4个维度上的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论中老年人在此次COVID-19疫情下较平时更易出现心理健康问题,身体健康情况差者心理健康问题更明显。

Mental health of middle-aged and elderly population during outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019

Objective To investigate mental health of the middle-aged and elderly population during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and the influencing factors.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted online of the mental health of the middle-aged and elderly people aged 50-65 years in China.The survey included self-rating questionnaire-20(SRQ-20),patient health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9),generalized anxiety disease-7(GAD-7)and insomnia severity index(ISI),which were used to eva-luate stress response,depression,anxiety,and sleep disorders.SPSS statistics 20.0 was used for statistical analysis.Multiple linear regression analysis was employed for the impact of influencing factors on the mental health.Results Of collected questionnaires,1501(n=1377,n=1241,n=1204,n=1209)were effective.Among the respondents,24.5%had psychological stress,18.5%moderate or severe depression,10.7%moderate or severe anxiety,and 10.8%moderate or severe insomnia.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that physical health,worry about the epidemic,education level and age had a greater impact on the mental health.The determination coefficients R of the four factors in PHQ-9,GAD-7,SRQ-20 and ISI models were 0.190,0.176,0.232 and 0.137,respectively,of which the physical health was the most significant,and the standardizedβvalues were 0.374,0.368,0.406,and 0.322,respectively(P<0.01).Further analysis of the difference of mental status with different health conditions(good,general and poor)showed significant differences among the three groups in the four dimensions of stress response,depression,anxiety and sleep disorders(P<0.001).Conclusion The middle-aged and elderly population,particularly the unhealthy people,suffer more mental problems during the COVID-19 outbreak.