踝关节骨折畸形愈合的重建手术

目的 总结踝关节骨折畸形愈合重建术的临床疗效.方法 2006年1月至2009年1O月,共收治23例踝关节陈旧性骨折畸形愈合患者.男14例,女9例;平均年龄45岁(21～69岁).初次受伤至最终重建术平均间隔18个月(12～36个月),其中11例患者曾接受切开复位内固定术.术前常规行X线及CT检查,对畸形进行个体化评估:所有患者均有不同程度的腓骨短缩或旋转,合并内、外翻畸形者4例,下胫腓联合间隙增宽者5例.对所有腓骨短缩或旋转的患者行腓骨延长截骨术,内外翻畸形则行开放或闭合楔形截骨,而下胫腓增宽者则须行下胫腓功能性融合.术后定期行影像学随访评估骨愈合情况,记录并发症发生情况,并采用美国骨科足踝外科协会(American Orthopedic Foot Ankle Society,AOFAS)踝关节与后足功能评分来评估治疗效果.结果 共21例患者获随访,平均随访36个月(12～58个月).所有随访患者均无感染、内固定失败、骨不连、畸形复发等发生.影像学随访显示于术后平均12周(10～14周)骨愈合,且力线恢复良好.AOFAS踝关节与后足功能评分从术前平均28分(15～39分)改善为术后1年平均82分(70～94分).2例患者因严重创伤性关节炎分别于术后18个月和术后2年行踝关节融合术.结论 对于踝关节骨折畸形愈合的患者,通过早期重建手术恢复腓骨长度和旋转及踝穴的匹配,踝关节功能可获得极大的改善,也可延缓创伤性关节炎的发展.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the clinical outcomes of reconstruction of malunited ankle fractures.Methods From January 2006 to October 2009,23 malunited ankle fractures were treated in our department.All deformities were evaluated individually based on pre-operatively X-ray and CT scan.Varying degrees of fibular shortening or rotational deformity were found in all patients,with 4 cases of varus or valgus deformity,and 5 of a widen syndesmosis.Then different reconstructive techniques were chosen according to the type of malunion:a lengthening fibular osteotomy was performed in patients with fibular shortening or rotational deformity;an opening or closing wedge osteotomy was chosen correspondingly in patients with varus or valgus deformity;functional fusion of syndesmosis was performed in cases of widen syndesmosis.The postoperative follow-up included standard radiography to evaluate bone union;relative complications were also recorded and functional outcome were assessed with American Orthopedic Foot Ankle Society (AOFAS)ankle-hindfoot scores.Results Twenty-one patients were followed up with an average period of 36 months (12-58 months).There were no complications of infection,implant failure,nonunion or malunion.Solid union with a favorable alignment was obtained at an average of 12 weeks (10-14 weeks).The mean pre-operative AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was 28 (15-39).While the score increased to 82 (70-94) one year after operations.But 2 patients underwent ankle arthrodesis correspondingly 18 months and 24 months post-operatively due to severely post-traumatic arthritis.Conclusion An early realignment reconstruction of the length and rotation of fibula and the congruity of ankle mortise may improve the ankle function and slow down the development of post-traumatic arthritis for patients who suffered from malunited ankle fractures.

Reconstruction for malunited ankle fractures

Objective To summarize the clinical outcomes of reconstruction of malunited ankle fractures.Methods From January 2006 to October 2009,23 malunited ankle fractures were treated in our department.All deformities were evaluated individually based on pre-operatively X-ray and CT scan.Varying degrees of fibular shortening or rotational deformity were found in all patients,with 4 cases of varus or valgus deformity,and 5 of a widen syndesmosis.Then different reconstructive techniques were chosen according to the type of malunion:a lengthening fibular osteotomy was performed in patients with fibular shortening or rotational deformity;an opening or closing wedge osteotomy was chosen correspondingly in patients with varus or valgus deformity;functional fusion of syndesmosis was performed in cases of widen syndesmosis.The postoperative follow-up included standard radiography to evaluate bone union;relative complications were also recorded and functional outcome were assessed with American Orthopedic Foot Ankle Society (AOFAS)ankle-hindfoot scores.Results Twenty-one patients were followed up with an average period of 36 months (12-58 months).There were no complications of infection,implant failure,nonunion or malunion.Solid union with a favorable alignment was obtained at an average of 12 weeks (10-14 weeks).The mean pre-operative AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score was 28 (15-39).While the score increased to 82 (70-94) one year after operations.But 2 patients underwent ankle arthrodesis correspondingly 18 months and 24 months post-operatively due to severely post-traumatic arthritis.Conclusion An early realignment reconstruction of the length and rotation of fibula and the congruity of ankle mortise may improve the ankle function and slow down the development of post-traumatic arthritis for patients who suffered from malunited ankle fractures.