我国卫生检验事业的现状和进展

卫生检验学包括卫生化学检验和微生物检验,是预防医学中一个重要的学科,近年来发展很快,现已有6所医学院校建立了卫生检验专业,有5个硕士学位授予点和1个博士点。全国卫生检验学会成立以来,已建立了19个省级学会和3个学组,创办了《中国卫生检验杂志》,广泛开展了学术交流。随着科学技术的进步,卫生检验技术也取得许多新的进展。微波炉消化、低温灰化、顶空分析、吹蒸法、固相萃取、免疫亲和柱等分离技术逐渐应用在检验工作上。在化学检验的方法上,正向着准确、精密、灵敏、简便快速、仪器化、自动化方向发展。原子吸收、气相色谱、高效液相色谱法得到广泛的应用,荧光、示波极谱、电位溶出、生物传感器、离子色谱、流动注射分析及色谱-质谱等仪器联用分析亦有不少进展。应用分子生物学、物理化学和免疫标记技术于微生物检验方面也得到迅速的发展,使检测方法更加灵敏、特异、快速。今后我国的卫生检验技术,要不断改进和完善检测方法,更新仪器设备,加速人材培养、提高卫生检验人员的素质,加强质量保证,使我国的卫生检验事业提高到一个新的水平。

Progress of Enterprise of Health Laboratory Technology in China

Health Laboratory Technology (HLT) incl- uding sanitary chemical analysis and microbi- ological examination is an important subject in preventive medicine.It is progressing rapi- dly in our country.Now,there are six sanita- ry technology specialties,five master degree points,and one doctorial degree point being set up respectively.After the establishment of the national sociaty of health laboratory tech- nology,nineteen provincial sociaty of HLT and three academic groups had subsquently been set up.Chinese Journal of HLT was started in 1991.Academic exchange have been widely dev- eloped.Along with the progress of sciences and technology,as a whole health laboratory technology are also made many new progress. In separation process,such as microwave dig- estion,low temperature ashing,head spece analysis,sweep co-distillation,solid phase ext- raction,and immuno-affinity column etc are gradually being employed.In methodology of chemical analysis,its developmental orientat- ion is toward accuracy,precision,sensitivity, simple,easy to operate,instrumentize and aut- omatization.Atomic absorption spectrophotom- etry,gas chromatography and high performa- nce liquid chromatography are already widely being used.The employment of fluorescence analysis,oscillopolarography,potentiometric stripping analysis,biosensor,ion chromatogr- aphy,flow injection analysis and GC-MS are also advancing.In microbiological examination, molecular biology,physical and chemical met- hod,and immuno-labeled technique have been rapidly developed,to make the examination more sensitive,specific,and speedy.In future, we should do our best in the areas of improv- ing the methods,renewing the instrument and equipment,and strengthen the stuff training, raising the enterprise of health laboratory tec- hnology to a new level.