Comparative analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear genetic markers for the molecular identification of Rhipicephalus spp. |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy;2. Department of Immunology, Aggeu Magalhães Research Centre (Fiocruz-PE), 50670-420 Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil;3. Center for Biodiscovery and Molecular Development of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Cairns, Australia;1. School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;2. GeneCology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD 4556, Australia;1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, PR China;2. College of Life Sciences & Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Zhaowuda Road 81, Hohhot 010022, PR China;1. Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, German Center of Infection Research (DZIF) Partner Munich, Neuherbergstrasse 11, D-80937 Munich, Germany;2. tick-radar GmbH, D-12163 Berlin, Germany;3. Parasitology Unit, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 35, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany;4. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Argentina;5. Department of Animal Health, Zaragoza, Spain;1. Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, Veterinary Faculty, University of Leipzig, Germany;2. Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany;3. German Center of Infection Research (DZIF) Partner, Munich, Germany;4. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Santa Fe, Argentina;1. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CC 22, CP 2300 Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina;2. Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, Miguel Servet 177, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain;3. Department of Ecology and Parasitology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kornblumenstrasse 13, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;4. United States National Tick Collection, Institute for Coastal Plain Science, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30460, USA;5. Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Av. Prof. Orlando M. de Paiva 87, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil;6. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Uberlandia, Av. Pará 1720, Campus Umuarama-Bloco 2T, 38400-902 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil;7. Departamento de Parasitología Veterinaria, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República, Regional Norte–Sede Salto, Rivera 1350, CP 50000 Salto, Uruguay;8. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Kreder 2805, CP 3080 Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina;1. Department of Biology, Ecology Division, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey;2. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zaragoza University, Zaragoza, Spain |
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| Abstract: | The genus Rhipicephalus (Acari: Ixodidae) comprises a large number of vectors of pathogens of substantial medical and veterinary concern; however, species identification based solely on morphological features is often challenging. In the present study, genetic distance within selected Rhipicephalus species (i.e., Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus guilhoni, Rhipicephalus muhsamae, Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and Rhipicephalus turanicus), were investigated based on molecular and phylogenetic analyses of fragments of the mitochondrial 16S, 12S and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) genes, as well as of the whole sequences of the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer-2 (ITS-2) region. Mean values of inter-specific genetic distance (e.g., up to 12.6%, 11.1% and 15.2%), as well as of intra-specific genetic distance (e.g., 0.9%, 0.9% and 1%), calculated using the Kimura-2 parameter substitution model with uniform rates among sites for 16S, 12S and cox1 genes, respectively, confirmed the differentiation of the rhipicephaline species herein examined. The molecular identification was also supported by the distinct separation of species-specific clades inferred from the phylogenetic analyses of all mitochondrial sequences. Conversely, little interspecific divergence was detected amongst ribosomal ITS-2 sequences (i.e., up to 2.8%) for species belonging to the R. sanguineus complex, which resulted in the ambiguous placement of selected R. sanguineus s.l. and R. turanicus sequences in the corresponding phylogenetic tree. Results from this study confirm the suitability of mtDNA markers for the reliable identification of ticks within the Rhipicephalus genus and provide a framework for future studies of taxonomy, speciation history and evolution of this group of ticks. |
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| Keywords: | 16S 12S ITS-2 Phylogeny |
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