Partial characterization of a new adenovirus lineage discovered in testudinoid turtles |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 18, Budapest H-1581, Hungary;2. Zoological Medicine Service, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA;1. Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;2. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;1. State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China;2. Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan;3. Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, China;1. Grupo de Biología Evolutiva, Facultad de Ciencias, UNED, Avda. Esparta S/n, Las Rozas, 28232, Madrid, Spain;2. EIUNED, UNED, Calle Bravo Murillo, 38, 28015, Madrid, Spain;1. Murdoch University, School of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia;2. Exovet Pty Ltd., East Maitland, New South Wales, 2323, Australia;3. UQ Veterinary Medical Centre, University of Queensland, School of Veterinary Science, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia;1. Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College Station, Texas, USA;2. Houston Zoo, Houston, Texas, USA;3. Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA |
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| Abstract: | In the USA and in Hungary, almost simultaneously, adenoviruses of a putative novel lineage were detected by PCR and sequencing in turtles belonging to four different species (including two subspecies) of the superfamily Testudinoidea. In the USA, partial sequence of the adenoviral DNA-dependent DNA polymerase was obtained from samples of a captive pancake tortoise (Malacochersus tornieri), four eastern box turtles (Terrapene carolina carolina) and two red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans). In Hungary, several individuals of the latter subspecies as well as some yellow-bellied sliders (T. scripta scripta) were found to harbor identical, or closely related, putative new adenoviruses. From numerous attempts to amplify any other genomic fragment by PCR, only a nested method was successful, in which a 476-bp fragment of the hexon gene could be obtained from several samples. In phylogeny reconstructions, based on either DNA polymerase or hexon partial sequences, the putative new adenoviruses formed a clade distinct from the five accepted genera of the family Adenoviridae. Three viral sub-clades corresponding to the three host genera (Malacochersus, Terrapene, Trachemys) were observed. Attempts to isolate the new adenoviruses on turtle heart (TH-1) cells were unsuccessful. Targeted PCR screening of live and dead specimens revealed a prevalence of approximately 25% in small shelter colonies of red-eared and yellow-bellied sliders in Hungary. The potential pathology of these viruses needs further investigation; clinically healthy sliders were found to shed the viral DNA in detectable amounts. Based on the phylogenetic distance, the new adenovirus lineage seems to merit the rank of a novel genus. |
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| Keywords: | Adenovirus Genus Phylogeny PCR Testudine Turtle |
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