药物预防输血不良反应的效果分析

目的调查分析输血前给药是否有助于预防输血不良反应。方法选取2013年8~12月廊坊市第四人民医院362例(次)输血患者为调查对象,将在输血前静脉注射地塞米松或肌肉注射异丙嗪的178例(次)输血患者设为药防组;将在输血前不使用任何药物的184例(次)输血患者设为对照组。根据输血病历记载统计输血不良反应发生情况。结果 362例(次)输血患者共发生非溶血性输血反应32次,其中发热反应26次,过敏反应6次,无溶血性输血反应发生。在各种血制品中,冰冻血浆不良反应发生率最高,为15.69%,滤白细胞悬浮红细胞不良反应发生率最低,为5.05%。各种血制品不良反应发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=41.38,P0.05)。药防组发热反应发生率为6.74%(12/178),对照组为7.61%(14/184),二者差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.03,P0.05);药防组过敏反应发生率为1.12%(2/178),对照组为2.17%(4/184),二者差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.14,P0.05)。输血前静脉注射地塞米松输血不良反应发生率为8.33%,输血前肌肉注射异丙嗪输血不良反应发生率为8.49%;输血前未用任何药物的对照组输血不良反应发生率9.24%。3种情况输血不良反应发生率差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组输血前后的体温、脉搏、血压、白细胞及嗜中性粒细胞等指标变化差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论输血前给药无助于预防非溶血性输血反应的发生。

Atminstration of medicine before blood transfusion to prevent blood transfusion adverse reactions

Objective To evaluate the adminstration of medicine before blood transfusion to prevent blood transfusion adverse reactions. Methods 362 cases of blood transfusion inthe Fourth People＇s Hospital of Langfang City from August to December 2013 were analyzed.178 blood transfusion cases received drug prevention （Dexamethasone （i.v） or Diprazine （i.m） before blood transfusion） were set as drug prevention group; 184 blood transfusion cases of no drug prevention before blood transfusion as control group. Blood transfusion reactions were counted according to medical history records. Results A total of 32 cases of nonbemolytic transfusion reaction happened in 362 blood transfusion cases, including 26 cases of fever reaction and 6 cases of allergic reactions, and hemolytic transfusion reaction did not happened.Among all kinds of blood products, transfusion with frozen plasma showed the highest incidence of adverse reactions （15.69%）, and transfusion with suspended red blood cells with white blood cells removed by filter had the lowest incidence of adverse reactions （5.05%）. There was statistically significant difference in the incidences of the adverse reactions of blood products （x2=41.38,P〈0.01）. Fever reaction rate was 6.74% （12/178） in drag prevention group and 7.61%（14/184） in control group, the difference was not significant （X2=0.03,P〉0.05）; the incidence of allergy reactions was 1.12%（2/178）in drug prevention group and 2.17%（4/184）in control group,the difference was not significant （x2=0.14,P〉0.05）. The incidence of adverse reactions was 8.33% by intravenous injection of dexamethasone before blood transfusion,8.49% by muscle injection of promethazine before blood transfusion,and 9.24% in control group; the incidence of adverse reactions in three groupshad no statistically significant difference （P〉 0.05）. The body temperature, pulse, blood pressure, leukocyte and neutrophil index before and after blood transfusion in two groups had no statistical signific