Transient disruption of M1 during response planning impairs subsequent offline consolidation |
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Authors: | Nichola Rice Cohen Emily S Cross Nicholas F Wymbs and Scott T Grafton |
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Institution: | (1) HB 6162 Moore Hall, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA;(2) Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, MS013, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02454-9110, USA;(3) Department of Psychology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660, USA |
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Abstract: | Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to probe the involvement of the left primary motor cortex (M1) in the consolidation
of a sequencing skill. In particular we asked: (1) if M1 is involved in consolidation of planning processes prior to response
execution (2) whether movement preparation and movement execution can undergo consolidation independently and (3) whether
sequence consolidation can occur in a stimulus specific manner. TMS was applied to left M1 while subjects prepared left hand
sequential finger responses for three different movement sequences, presented in an interleaved fashion. Subjects also trained
on three control sequences, where no TMS was applied. Disruption of subsequent consolidation was observed, but only for sequences
where subjects had been exposed to TMS during training. Further, reduced consolidation was only observed for movement preparation,
not movement execution. We conclude that left M1 is causally involved in the consolidation of effective response planning
for left hand movements prior to response execution, and mediates consolidation in a sequence specific manner. These results
provide important new insights into the role of M1 in sequential memory consolidation and sequence response planning. |
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Keywords: | Contextual interference Primary motor cortex Sequence learning Offline learning Procedural memory |
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