汶川余震致伤患者伤情特征与分析

目的通过对汶川余震致伤患者的流行病学调查，探讨余震致伤的特征。方法通过整理余震期间致伤的630例患者临床资料，综合分析患者年龄、性别、伤情、骨折部位等临床资料。结果余震致伤患者中男女外伤比例为1：1．2，其中0—14岁患者47例，15～44岁患者196例，44—65岁患者229例，≥65岁158例，致伤原因包括地面摔伤、建筑倒塌及异物砸伤、高处坠落伤。外伤部位中头部外伤106例（16．4％），胸部外伤76例（11．7％），四肢伤294例（45．4％），颈椎外伤35例（5．4％），胸腰段外伤78例（12．0％），骨盆及髋部外伤56例（8．6％），上肢挤压综合征3例（0．5％）。其中多发伤患者17例。骨折患者201例，其中男性116例，女性91例，多发骨折6例（3．0％），按骨折发生部位排列依次为桡骨远端骨折44例（21．9％）、足踝骨折41例（20.3％）、胸腰段骨折35例（17．4％）、下肢骨折31例（15．4％）、上肢骨折24例（12．5％）、肋骨骨折19例（9．0％）、骨盆骨折7例（3．5％）。结论余震中主要的外伤为扭伤和摔伤。损伤部位多在四肢远端，如腕、踝。脊柱损伤多见于中老年人。长骨干损伤相对较少见。

Characteristics of trauma patients in earthquake aftershock:analysis of 630 cases in Wenchuan Earthquake

Objective To analyze the features of injuries occurring in earthquake aftershock. Methods The clinical data of 630 victims injured in the Wenchuan Earthquake aftershock from May 18 to July 18 2008 were analyzed. Results The 630 eases included 286 males and 344 females with a male/female ratio of 1：1.2. The average age of the wounded was 57.6, 47 being aged 0- 14, 196 aged 15-44, and 158 aged ≥65. The injured parts included head （n=106）, chest （n=76）, extremities （n=294）, especially wrist, ankle, and foot, and spine （n=120）. The main types of tranma were crush by falling buildings, injury by falling materials, falling from high place, and stumbling and falling on the ground. Conclusion The main types of injury occurring in aftershock are sprain and falling. The injuries mostly occur in the distal parts of limbs, such as wrist and ankle. Spine injuries mostly occur in middle-aged and elderly persons. Injury of long bone shafts of extremities is relatively rare.