Short sleep is associated with more depressive symptoms in a multi-ethnic cohort of older adults |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA;2. Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA;3. Internal Medicine-Geriatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA;4. Biostatistics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA;1. EPIMED Research Centre – Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy;2. Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Mediterraneo NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy;3. Department of Health Sciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy;4. IRCCS Multimedica, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy;5. Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg;6. Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry, United Kingdom;7. Psychiatric Division, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy;1. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA;2. Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesTo evaluate cross-sectional and prospective associations between short and long sleep duration and depressive symptoms in older adults (aged >65 years).MethodsThe data from a subsample of the racially/ethnically diverse Northern Manhattan Study were analyzed. Depressive symptoms were assessed twice with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), approximately 5 years apart. The presence of depressive symptoms was defined as a CES-D score ≥16 or use of antidepressants. Self-reports of short (<6 h), intermediate (6–8 h) and long (≥9 h) sleep were assessed prior to the initial CES-D. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the cross-sectional associations between short and long sleep durations with depressive symptoms, using intermediate sleep as the reference. The prospective association between sleep duration and depression in a sample of participants without depressive symptoms at first CES-D was also analyzed. All models were adjusted for demographic, behavioral, and vascular risk factors.ResultsThe initial sample consisted of 1110 participants: 62% women, 69% Hispanic, 17% black, 14% white. Short sleep was reported by 25%, intermediate sleep by 65%, and long sleep by 9%. Depressive symptoms were described in 25% of the initial sample. Short sleep, but not long sleep, was associated with depressive symptoms at baseline (adjusted OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3–2.6), and at follow-up (adjusted OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.1–3.5; median follow-up = 5.1 years).ConclusionShort sleep duration had a cross-sectional and prospective association with depressive symptoms in an urban multi-ethnic cohort of older adults. |
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| Keywords: | Depression Sleep Sleep duration Short sleep Race Ethnic |
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