骨膜牵张成骨的实验研究

目的　建立骨膜牵张成骨模型 ,探讨骨膜牵张成骨新技术 ,为牙槽骨缺损及其他骨缺损寻找新的修复方法。方法　将自制骨膜牵张成骨装置及钛网植入 12只成年兔的一侧下颌升支外侧面 ,从术后第 7天开始牵张 ,第 1次牵拉 2mm ,后每 3d牵拉 1mm ,共牵拉 15d ,最终将钛网牵拉离开骨面 7mm。术后第 2 8、35、4 2、5 6天分别处死 3只动物 ,进行组织计量学、X线片及组织学观察。结果　所有标本在计量学及X线片上均显示有新骨形成 ,术后第 2 8、35、4 2和 5 6天形成的新骨厚度平均分别为 (1 90± 0 13)mm、(2 2 2± 0 30 )mm、(3 17± 0 14 )mm和 (4 5 6± 0 4 6 )mm。组织学观察显示了新形成骨在成骨细胞数量上的增长 ,以及胶原纤维排列方向上的变化。结论　骨膜牵张法可以形成新骨 ,用于增加骨量。

An Experimental Study of Osteogenesis by Periosteal Distraction

Objective To evaluate a new restoration method of osteogenesis for alveolar defect and other osseous defect through the establishment of periosteal distraction. Methods A self-made distraction device and titanium mesh were implanted onto the lateral aspect of the mandibular ramus in 12 adult rabbits.7 days after the placement of the distraction device,the periosteal distraction began.The titanium mesh placed under the periosteum was distracted by 2 mm from the surface of the mandible.During the next 15 days,the mesh was further distracted by 1 mm every 3 days.Finally,the periosteum was distracted by 7 mm from the mandible. 3 animals were killed 28,35,42,56 days after the operation. All the specimens had histomorphometric, histological and X-ray examinations. Results All the specimens showed the formation of new bone in histomorphometric and X-ray examinations. The average values of new bone height at postoperative days 28,35,42 and 56 were (1.90±0.13)mm, (2.22±0.30) mm, (3.17±0.14)mm and (4.56±0.46)mm, respectively. Histological examinations showed the increase in the number of osteoblasts and the change in the orientation of collagen fibers. Conclusion Osteogenesis by periosteal distraction could form new bone and could be used to produce bone.