全国乡镇卫生院结核病痰涂片检查点现状分析

目的了解我国乡镇卫生院结核病痰涂片检查点的设置和工作情况。方法采用横断面研究的方法,于2007年9-10月对全国所有乡镇查痰点的设置和工作情况进行普查。结果截止2007年6月,全国已建查痰点11 185个,查痰点在乡镇卫生院的建立比例为26.3%,中部地区查痰点建立比例最高(28.8%);已开展工作的查痰点共8 617个,占77.0%,东部地区已开工作的查痰点的比例最高(84.2%);全国平均每个查痰点每年查75个肺结核可疑症状者,能检出5个涂阳肺结核患者,阳性检出率为6.8%,查痰点发现的涂阳肺结核患者占同期全国登记患者数的4.6%,中部地区查痰点在同期患者发现中的贡献率最高(4.8%)。结论我国查痰点的建立总体上接近当初卫生部设立的数量要求,乡镇查痰点已经成为患者发现的一种途径,但各地的发展不平衡,对查痰点政策的系统评价还需在本研究的基础上进一步进行探讨。

Current status of sputum collecting centres of township hospitals in China

Objective To understand the current status of sputum collecting centres （SCCs） of township hospitals in China. Methods Using cross-sectional study method, all of SCCs of town- ship hospitals had been surveyed from Sep to Oct 2007. Results By Jun 2007, 11 185 SCCs had been established, which accounted for 26.3% across all township hospitals. The percentage of township hospitals setting up SCCs in central region （28. 8%） was the highest than those in eastern and western regions. 8 617 SCCs（77.0K） had carried out work overall, this proportion is highest in eastern region （84.2%）. On average, each SCCs checked 75 TB suspects and identified 5 smear- positive cases, the detection rate of smear-positive cases was 6.8%. The contribution of SCCs to TB case detection was 4.6%. This highest contribution is in central region （4.8%）. Conclusions Numbers of SCCs setting up is close to the original number of requirement established by the Ministry of Health. However, the implementation effect was not satisfactory. Although SCCs could contribute to case detection, the SCC policy needs to be further reviewed in light of evidence from this study.