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Providing evidence for use of Echinacea supplements in Hajj pilgrims for management of respiratory tract infections
Institution:1. The Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;2. German National Reference Center for Streptococci, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany;3. National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS), The Children''s Hospital, Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;1. Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), CNRS-IRD UMR 6236, Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France;2. Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia;3. Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia;1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy;2. Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy;3. Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;4. Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Cattinara Hospital, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy;5. Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34100 Trieste, Italy;6. Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy;7. Department of Mathematics and Geosciences, University of Trieste, Via A. Valerio 12/1, 34127 Trieste, Italy;1. National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases (NCIRS), The Children''s Hospital at Westmead, NSW, Australia;2. School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;3. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia;1. Department of Life Sciences, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Strada di Fiume 447, Trieste, Italy;2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padova, Italy;3. Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Valerio 28, 34127 Trieste, Italy;4. Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Via dell’Istria 65/1, 34100 Trieste, Italy;5. Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, P.le Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy;1. Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia;2. Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA;3. Unité de Recherche sur Les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales émergentes (URMITE) CNRS-IRD UMR 6236, Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Aix-Marseille-Université, Marseille, France;4. College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;5. Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Prince Mohamed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital (“PMAH”), Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;6. Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
Abstract:ObjectiveTo evaluate potential applicability of Echinacea use for management of respiratory tract infections in Hajj travelers.MethodThe PubMed database was explored with Mesh terms “Echinacea” and “Respiratory Tract Infections”.ResultsA hundred journal articles were yielded but only 66 most relevant ones used for the review.ConclusionThere is a considerable amount of evidence that shows effectiveness of Echinacea products in prevention and treatment of respiratory tract infections in this setting. Although there are some controversial findings, utilization of standardized products with adequate dose or combinations with other immune-stimulants in controlled and well-designed trials will be highly encouraging.
Keywords:Echinacea  Hajj  Pilgrims  Respiratory tract infections  Travelers
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