Pilot study to establish a nasal tip prediction method from unknown human skeletal remains for facial reconstruction and skull photo superimposition as applied to a Japanese male populations |
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| Institution: | 1. Dept. of Forensic Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan;2. Dept. of Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women''s Medical University, 8-1 Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan;3. Dept. of Orthodontics, Matsumoto Dental University, School of Dentistry, 1780 Gobara Hirooka, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-0781, Japan;4. Dept. of Oral Radiology, Matsumoto Dental University, School of Dentistry, Nagano 399-0781, Japan;5. Dept. of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan;1. Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Granada, Spain;2. European Centre for Soft Computing, Mieres, Spain;3. Research Unit of Paleoradiology and Allied Sciences, Ospedali Riuniti di Trieste, Trieste, Italy;4. Physical Anthropology Laboratory, University of Granada, Granada, Spain;5. Forensic Sciences Centre (CENCIFOR), Coimbra, Portugal;6. Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal;7. Department Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA;8. Face Lab, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 5TF, UK;9. Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania;10. National Research Institute of Police Science, Japan;11. Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;12. Forensic Science Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia;13. Legal Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain;14. Department of Identification – Criminalist Service, Civil Guard, Madrid, Spain;15. Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia;p. Main Department of Criminalistics Investigation Committee of Russia, Moscow, Russia;q. School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa;r. Crime Scene Investigation Section, Forensic Laboratory, Portuguese Criminal Police, Lisbon, Portugal;s. Public Ministry, Lima, Peru;t. Laboratorio di Antropología e Odontologia Forense, University of Milan, Milan, Italy;1. European Centre for Soft Computing, Mieres, Spain;2. Centre for Anatomy & Human Identification, University of Dundee, UK;3. Division of Identification and Forensic Sciences, Israel National Police, Jerusalem, Israel;4. Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia;5. Main Department of Criminalistics Investigation Committee of Russia, Moscow, Russia;6. Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania;7. Science Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia;8. Legal Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain;9. Physical Anthropology Laboratory, University of Granada, Granada, Spain;10. Forensic Sciences Centre (CENCIFOR), Coimbra, Portugal;11. Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal;12. Research Unit of Paleoradiology and Allied Sciences, Ospedali Riuniti di Trieste, Trieste, Italy;13. Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;14. Department of Identification – Criminalist Services, Civil Guard, Madrid, Spain;15. South Africa Police Service, Pretoria, South Africa;p. Crime Scene Investigation Section, Forensic Laboratory, Portuguese Criminal Police, Lisbon, Portugal;q. National Research Institute of Police Science, Japan;r. Public Ministry, Lima, Peru;s. Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Granada, Spain;1. Counterterrorism and Forensic Science Research Unit, Visiting Scientist Program, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory Division, Quantico, VA, USA;2. Counterterrorism and Forensic Science Research Unit, Federal Bureau of Investigation Laboratory Division, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA 22135, USA;1. European Centre for Soft Computing, Mieres, Spain;2. Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, Granada, Spain;3. Forensic Sciences Centre (CENCIFOR), Coimbra, Portugal;4. Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal;5. Centre for Anatomy & Human Identification, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK;6. Science Program, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia;7. Physical Anthropology Laboratory, University of Granada, Granada, Spain;8. South Africa Police Service, Pretoria, South Africa;9. Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia;10. Legal Medicine School, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain;11. Research Unit of Paleoradiology and Allied Sciences, Ospedali Riuniti di Trieste, Trieste, Italy;12. National Research lnstitute of Police Science, Japan;13. Department of Anatomy, Histology and Anthropology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania;14. Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia;15. Main Department of Criminalistics Investigation Committee of Russia, Moscow, Russia;p. Department of Identification - Criminalist Services, Civil Guard, Madrid, Spain;q. Crime scene investigation section, Forensic Laboratory, Portuguese Criminal Police, Lisbon, Portugal;r. Council of forensic medicine, Istanbul, Turkey;s. Public Ministry, Lima, Peru;t. Department of Sociology and Anthropology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, USA;u. Laboratorio di Antropología e Odontologia Forense, University of Milan, Milan, Italy;1. National Forensic Service, 10 Ipchun-ro, Wonju-si, Gangwon-do 26460, Republic of Korea;2. Face Lab, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool Science Park IC1, 131 Mount Pleasant, Liverpool L3 5TF, United Kingdom;1. European Centre for Soft Computing, 33600 Mieres, Asturias, Spain;2. Physical Anthropology Laboratory, University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain;3. Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain;4. Research Center on Information and Communication Technologies (CITIC-UGR), University of Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain |
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| Abstract: | Skull-photo superimposition is a technique used to identify the relationship between the skull and a photograph of a target person: and facial reconstruction reproduces antemortem facial features from an unknown human skull, or identifies the facial features of unknown human skeletal remains. These techniques are based on soft tissue thickness and the relationships between soft tissue and the skull, i.e., the position of the ear and external acoustic meatus, pupil and orbit, nose and nasal aperture, and lips and teeth. However, the ear and nose region are relatively difficult to identify because of their structure, as the soft tissues of these regions are lined with cartilage.We attempted to establish a more accurate method to determine the position of the nasal tip from the skull. We measured the height of the maxilla and mid-lower facial region in 55 Japanese men and generated a regression equation from the collected data. We obtained a result that was 2.0 ± 0.99 mm (mean ± SD) distant from the true nasal tip, when applied to a validation set consisting of another 12 Japanese men. |
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| Keywords: | Facial reconstruction Skull – photo superimposition Forensic anthropology Nasal tip prediction Cephalometric X-ray images |
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