毛囊间充质干细胞的研究进展

 毛囊间充质干细胞（HFMSCs）是一类具有自我再生能力、高度增殖潜能、可多向分化且来源丰富的慢周期标记滞留细胞，可促进表皮、毛囊和皮脂腺再生。得益于其来源丰富、易获得、可于体外扩增、无需基因操作、不会形成肿瘤和无伦理限制等特点，毛囊间充质干细胞在再生医学中具有重要优势。Wnt、Shh、Notch和BMP等信号通路之间的协同和拮抗作用在干细胞稳态调节、表皮发育和毛囊再生过程中发挥至关重要的作用，这些途径的失调可能导致毛发脱落或者肿瘤的发生。本文综述毛囊间充质干细胞的分类及其特异性生物标记物、毛囊间充质干细胞的活化以及影响毛发再生的生物分子途径，为毛发疾病的治疗提供新的线索和靶点。

Advances in the study of hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells

Hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells (HFMSCs) are slow cycling label retaining cells with self-regeneration ability, high proliferative potential, and multi-directional differentiation. HFMSCs can induce and promote the regeneration of the epidermis, hair follicles and sebaceous glands. HFMSCs have important advantages in regenerative medicine because of their abundance, wide availability, expansion in vitro, no genetic manipulation, no tumor formation and no ethical restriction. The synergy and antagonism between Wnt and other signaling pathways such as Shh, Notch and BMP signaling pathways play a crucial role in the regulation of stem cell homeostasis, epidermal development and hair follicle regeneration. The dysregulation of these pathways may result in hair loss diseases or skin tumors. This paper summarizes the classification and some specific biomarkers of HFMSCs, and discusses the induction of HFMSCs and the biomolecular pathways that affect hair regeneration, so as to shed light on the treatment strategies of hair diseases.