父母教养方式与学龄前角色转换期大孩情绪行为问题的关系

目的 探索不同父母教养方式与学龄前角色转换期大孩情绪行为问题的关系,为改善儿童情绪行为问题提供参考。方法 按照立意抽样于2019年3—12月在两所三甲医疗机构招募882名学龄前角色转换期大孩(男童398名,女童484名),平均年龄为(3.58±1.25)岁。采用自编问卷和1.5~5岁儿童行为量表父母版(CBCL)对调查对象父母教养方式和情绪行为情况进行调查,采用多重线性回归分析父母教养方式与学龄前角色转换期大孩情绪行为问题的关系。结果 882名学龄前角色转换期大孩情绪行为综合问题中内化问题、外化问题和整体问题得分分别为6.0(3.0,10.0)、8.0(3.0,13.0)和22.0(10.0,37.0)。多重回归分析结果显示:母亲专制型教养方式、父亲专制型和忽视型教养方式的大孩有较高水平的内化问题(β=0.08、0.12、0.12)、外化问题(β=0.08、0.16、0.14)和整体问题(β=0.08、0.16、0.14);年龄较大的大孩外化问题(β=-0.11)和整体问题(β=-0.11)得分较低,家庭氛围很和谐的大孩内化问题(β=-0.24)、外化问题(β=-0.21)和整体问题(β=-0.23)得分较低,抚养困难型和发展缓慢型气质的大孩内化问题(β=0.16、0.20)、外化问题(β=0.16、0.13)和整体问题(β=0.17、0.16)得分较高(P<0.05)。结论 母亲专制型教养方式、父亲专制型和忽视型教养方式与学龄前角色转换期大孩较高水平的情绪行为问题相关。

Correlation of parenting style with emotional and behavioral problems of preschool firstborn children during transition to siblinghood

Objective To investigate the association of different parenting styles with emotional and behavioral problems of preschool firstborn children during transition to siblinghood(TTS), so as to provide reference for improving children′s emotional and behavioral problems. Methods A total of 882 preschool firstborn children(398 boys and 484 girls) in TTS with an average age of (3.58 ± 1.25) years old, were recruited from March to December 2019 in two tertiary facilities by a purposive sampling method. A self-designed questionnaire and parental version of Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL) were used to investigate the parenting style and emotional and behavioral problems. Multiple linear regression method was used to analyze the correlation of parenting style with emotional and behavioral problems of preschool firstborn children in TTS. Results The scores of internalization problems, externalization problems and total problems in 882 preschool firstborn children were 6.0(3.0,10.0),8.0(3.0,13.0)and 22.0(10.0,37.0), respectively. The results of multiple regression analysis showed that the firstborn children with maternal autocratic parenting style, paternal autocratic parenting style and uninvolved parenting style had higher levels of internalization problems(β=0.08, 0.12, 0.12), externalizing problems(β=0.08, 0.16, 0.14) and total problems(β=0.08, 0.16, 0.14). The older firstborn children had lower scores of externalizing problems(β=-0.11) and total problems(β=-0.11), and those with harmonious family atmosphere had lower scores of internalization problems(β=-0.24), externalizing problems(β=-0.21) and total problems(β=-0.23), while those with difficult-to-raise temperament and slow-to-develop temperament had higher levels of internalization problems(β=0.16, 0.20), externalizing problems(β=0.16, 0.13) and total problems(β=0.17, 0.16)(P<0.05). Conclusion Maternal autocratic parenting style, paternal autocratic parenting style and permissive parenting style are associated with higher levels of emotional and behavioral problems of preschool firstborn children in TTS.